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Bell Work

This chart presents data collected during an investigation on the correlation between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested through coffee consumption in humans. The data was collected from five subjects of the same age, size, and good health.

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Bell Work

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  1. Answer the following question. For each answer, explain why it is correct or incorrect. Bell Work The data in the chart were collected during an investigation to test the relationship between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested by the consumption of coffee in humans. The five subjects were the same age, same size, and in good health. Which of the following statements is supported by the data? a. pulse after 12oz of coffee was the same as resting b. consuming only 6oz had no effect on pulse rate c. pulse decreased after 12oz of coffee d. the greatest increase in pulse occurred after 18oz of coffee

  2. Bell Work The data in the chart were collected during an investigation to test the relationship between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested by the consumption of coffee in humans. The five subjects were the same age, same size, and in good health. Which of the following statements is supported by the data? a. pulse after 12oz of coffee was the same as resting b. consuming only 6oz had no effect on pulse rate c. pulse decreased after 12oz of coffee d. the greatest increase in pulse occurred after 18oz of coffee a. is wrong b/c all of the numbers are greater after 12oz of coffee

  3. Bell Work The data in the chart were collected during an investigation to test the relationship between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested by the consumption of coffee in humans. The five subjects were the same age, same size, and in good health. Which of the following statements is supported by the data? a. pulse after 12oz of coffee was the same as resting b. consuming only 6oz had no effect on pulse rate c. pulse decreased after 12oz of coffee d. the greatest increase in pulse occurred after 18oz of coffee b. is wrong b/c 3 of 5 subjects had an increase in pulse rate

  4. Bell Work The data in the chart were collected during an investigation to test the relationship between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested by the consumption of coffee in humans. The five subjects were the same age, same size, and in good health. Which of the following statements is supported by the data? a. pulse after 12oz of coffee was the same as resting b. consuming only 6oz had no effect on pulse rate c. pulse decreased after 12oz of coffee d. the greatest increase in pulse occurred after 18oz of coffee c. is wrong b/c the numbers are greater, thus it was an increase

  5. Bell Work The data in the chart were collected during an investigation to test the relationship between pulse rates and the amount of caffeine ingested by the consumption of coffee in humans. The five subjects were the same age, same size, and in good health. Which of the following statements is supported by the data? a. pulse after 12oz of coffee was the same as resting b. consuming only 6oz had no effect on pulse rate c. pulse decreased after 12oz of coffee d. the greatest increase in pulse occurred after 18oz of coffee d. is correct b/c the numbers are largest after 18oz of coffee

  6. Bell Work Vocab • Bar Graph • Line Graph • Dependent Variable • Independent Variable • Control Group

  7. What does a peanut M&M and an egg have in common?

  8. Biochemistry Unit • Page R11

  9. Atoms, Atomic Bonding, and Properties of Water • August 19, 2013

  10. Atoms • smallest unit of matter • matter: anything that has mass & takes up space • made of three parts called subatomic particles

  11. Subatomic Particles • protons: • positive (+) • located in the nucleus • neutrons: • neutral = • located in the nucleus • electrons: • negative (-) • orbiting around the nucleus • = no charge

  12. Subatomic Particles

  13. Periodic Table • organizes elements based on atomic properties

  14. Periodic Table • organizes elements based on atomic properties • element boxes include information about an atom atomic number (# of protons and electrons) atomic mass symbol element

  15. 6p 6p Atomic Bonding • Element: : pure substance, made of only one kind of atom. • Valence Electrons: : electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom. column number on periodic table = number of valence electrons

  16. Practice How many valence electrons does Fluorine (F) have? Column 7 = 7 valence electrons ^ Column 7

  17. Atomic Bonding: : two or more atoms joined to form a molecule. • Atoms bond because... ATOMS WANT 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS **exception: hydrogen and helium only want 2 • Ionic Bonding: : bond where electrons are stolen. **THINK: ionic = “I want it” • held together by (+) and (-) attraction • example: salt (NaCl)

  18. 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Sodium has ___ valence electrons 1 • Sodium wants ___ valence electrons 8 • Chlorine has ___ valence electrons 7 • Chlorine wants ___ valence electrons 8

  19. Ionic Bonding + 11p 17p - sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl)

  20. Atomic Bonding • Covalent Bonding: : bond where electrons are shared. **THINK: covalent = “cooperate” • example: water (H2O)

  21. 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Hydrogen has __ valence electrons 1 • Hydrogen wants _ valence electrons 2 • Oxygen has ___ valence electrons 6 • Oxygen wants ___ valence electrons 8

  22. 8p 8p 1p 1p 1p 1p Covalent Bonding

  23. What happens when you put a water bottle or coke into the freezer?

  24. Water (H20) 3 • water is made up of __ atoms • 2 ________, 1 ________ • held together by polar______ bonds • polar covalent: _______ sharing • oxygen holds the ________ more • oxygen slightly ________ • hydrogen slightly _______ hydrogen oxygen covalent unequal electrons δ- negative positive δ+

  25. Hydrogen Bonding: • an interaction that holds polar molecules together • opposite charges ________ • like charges ________ • Hydrogen bonds are responsiblefor all of water’s unique properties attract repel

  26. δ- δ- δ- δ- O O polar covalent bond δ- δ- H H H H δ+ δ+ δ+ δ+ O hydrogen bond H H δ+ δ+

  27. Properties of Water • expansion upon freezing • high specific heat • cohesion • adhesion

  28. 4 Special Propertiesof Water 1 • Expansion Upon Freezing • as water freezes, the molecules rearrange based on δ- and δ+ charges. • crystal structure less dense thanwater, so ice floats. • life can survive beneath ice • Earth is not frozen solid!

  29. 2 • High Specific Heat • Specific Heat: : heat required to raise temperature. • Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, so it takes a lot of energy to raise temperature • maintains a moderate temperature on Earth

  30. Properties of Water • expansion upon freezing • high specific heat • cohesion • adhesion

  31. 4 Special Propertiesof Water 3 • Cohesion • hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to stick to other water molecules • water sticking to water

  32. surface tension: cohesion at the surface allows water to resist other forces

  33. 4 Adhesion hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to stick to other substanceswater sticking to something else

  34. Transportation of water in plants: adhesion and cohesion allow water to move from the roots to the leaves

  35. Homework • Pg. 39 1-5 • Pg. 43 1-5 Write question. Make sure homework has proper heading in case it’s taken up.

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