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Unit 8: Chemical Reactions

Unit 8: Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions: Single Replacement. Predicting Products. Single Replacement: An element and compound react to form a different element and compound Common form:. Element + Compound  Element +Compound A + BC  AC + B. heat. Pt.

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Unit 8: Chemical Reactions

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  1. Unit 8: Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions: Single Replacement

  2. Predicting Products • Single Replacement:An element and compound react to form a different element and compound Common form: Element + Compound  Element +Compound A + BC  AC + B heat Pt

  3. Predicting Products • These reactionsdo not always occur. • You must use the “activity series” sheet • “Like will replace like” – metals always replace metals, etc. heat Pt

  4. Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver • A metal in a compound is replaced by a more active metal lithium + zinc acetate  ? Must use the activity series! zinc + lithium acetate (Metal) (Metal) Lithium is more reactive than zinc. heat Pt

  5. Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver copper + aluminum sulfate  ? NO REACTION (Metal) (Metal) Copper is lower on activity series and therefore is less reactive than aluminum. heat Pt

  6. Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver ? lead (II) carbonate + barium barium + lead carbonate (Metal) (Metal) No Roman Numeral necessary! heat Pt

  7. Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver (2) Hydrogenin water is replaced by a more active metal sodium + water  hydrogen hydroxide sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Tip: Change water into “hydrogen hydroxide.” heat Pt

  8. Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver (3) Hydrogenin acid is replaced by a more active metal calcium + phosphoric acid  hydrogen phosphate calcium + hydrogen phosphate Tip: Change acid names into their ionic name. heat Pt

  9. Examples of single replacements: (4) A non-metal in a compoundis replaced by a more active non- metal fluorine + magnesium iodide  Activity Series of Non-Metals Listed in order of decreasing activity. fluorine chlorine bromine iodine magnesium + iodine fluoride (Non-metal) (Non-metal) Tip: Watch your endings! Make sure non-metals replace non-metals! heat Pt

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