The Cell Cycle & Cell Division

1. Q2 WK2 D1 The Cell Cycle & Cell Division science-class.net/PowerPoints/Cell%20Division.ppt

2. What do we already know? • Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic cells • Humans have Eukaryotic cells • All cells have organelles (parts) • Each organelle has a function (job)

3. Cell Cycle & Cellular Division learning goal “I can describe the purpose, phases and processes of cellular reproduction”! 

4. The Cell Cycle http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html Cell Cycle cut-out

5. Cell Cycle • G1- “Growth” phase. A cell grows quickly; largest part of the cycle. The beginning phase of cell divison. • S-“Synthesis” phase; cell’s DNA is copied. Each chromosome consists of 2 chromatids attached at the centromere • G2-“Second Growth” phase. Cell prepares for the nucleus to divide. A cell will spend nearly 90% of its life in stages G1 – G2! • M-“Mitosis” phase; nucleus is divided into 2 nuceli. Each nucleus has same number of chromosomes. • C-“Cytokinesis” The cytoplasm divides and 2 NEW CELLS ARE FORMED  Cell Cycle cut-out

6. “S” Phase: Chromosome Diagram http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/celldivision-chromosomes.html Draw me 

7. Catching Some Killer Rays • Explain why skin cancer might be more prevalent in California than in Arizona. • In 2009, it was reported that new melanoma cases (dangerous form of skin cancer) was identified nearly 75% higher in men than women. Explain why some people can survive skin cancer, while others can’t. http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/doc/az_facts_web.pdf Handout- Catching Some Killer Rays (Sci. Ntbk)

9. Animated Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

10. Cancer Cells & The Cell Cycle • Nearly everyone knows of someone who either has or had cancer. • Why is it that some doctors are able to “stop” the cancer while others may not survive it? • We will explore how cancer moves through the cell cycle.

11. Plate Full of Knowledge: Cancer & the cell cycle • http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm Each person in your group is responsible for adding “scoops” (answers) to your plate, based on each video. You will place your “scoop”, on the proper section of your plate, creating… a plate full of knowledge  -Cancer & the Cell Cycle activity- gradebook

12. Cancer & The Cell Cycle: Plate Full of Knowledge- Questions Video 1 Scoop1: Describe the rate of cells Scoop 2: Describe how cancer cells grow Video 2 Scoop 1: Describe the “cell clock” Video 3 Scoop 1: What are tumor suppressor genes? Scoop 2:Describe their importance Video 4 Scoop 1: What are mutations?

13. Cancer and the Cell Cycle Video 1 Scoop1: Describe the rate of cells Scoop 2: Describe how cancer cells grow Video 2 Scoop 1: Describe the “cell clock” Video 3 Scoop 1: What are tumor suppressor genes? Scoop 2:Describe their importance Video 4 Scoop 1: What are mutations? Class discussion:

14. Cancer Growth- Animation (Video) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXTsxPPcTEs • Stop & Think  • During the video, we will pause at specific phases of cancer development, you will be asked to explain what is happening in that phase 

15. Cancer & the Cell Cycle: Modeling • Lets go outside 

16. Cancer Growth- Video Summary • Video will be replayed • In your notebook, write a summary of how cancer cells develop and why they are difficult to stop and what is needed to ensure tumors do not replicate

17. Cancer- Active Reading

18. Q2 WK2 D2 MITOSIS

19. When is mitosis used? • Mitosis: reproduction of somatic (body) cells = cellular division • Diploid: full # of chromosomes (2n) = 46 • Haploid: half # of chromosomes (n) = 23 • Somatic Cells (body cells) are Diploid • Gametes (sex cells) are Haploid

20. Stages of Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase Interphase = G1, S & G2 Cytokinesis Is after Mitosis

21. What happens…? DNA replicates Organelles replicate Cell increases in size Interphase: The cell prepares for division Remember, Interphase = G1, S & G2

22. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

23. What happens…? DNA condenses into chromosomes, spindles form & nuclear envelope dissolves. The chromosomes become visible Prophase: The cell prepares for nuclear division FYI: Prophase is the beginning of Mitosis

24. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

25. What happens…? Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere Metaphase: The cell prepares chromosomes for division Spindle fibers come from centriole

26. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

27. What happens…? Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart ½ of each chromosome (called chromatid) moves toward opposite pole Anaphase: The chromosomes divide

28. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

29. Telophase: The cytoplasm divides What happens…? DNA spreads out 2 nuclei form Spindles dissolve Cell membrane pinches in and forms the 2 new daughter cells Pinching of cell = Cleavage Furrow

30. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

31. Cytokinesis: Final step in division • What happens…? • Cytokinesis occurs when the cleavage furrow appears • Division of the cytoplasm • 2 identical daughter cells form

32. Chromosome Review • Chromosomes (x shaped) • Chromatid (1/2 of an X) • Centromere (holds chromatids together) Homologous Pair: 2 chromosomes together are known as TETRAD Asters: Small anchors that hold centrioles to side of cell