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Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation

Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation. Module 22. Limits on Classical conditioning. Some associations are stronger than others Some unintended associations are made

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Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation

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  1. Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation Module 22

  2. Limits on Classical conditioning • Some associations are stronger than others • Some unintended associations are made • Animal discomfort may be an element of the conditioning – (people object) big picture may actually be worth it. (Sheep/wolves & coyotes) • Natural selection – (red and sex) • We may associate the wrong things – if the distance between stimulus and response is too long or the response is strong – (generalization)

  3. Limits on operant conditiioning • “Never try to teach a pig to sing” • We learn better and faster if it is part of our predisposition. Food and pecking vs. food and flapping wings… • Movies & trained animals – inspired by Skinner • Instinctive Drift – pigs pushing with snouts vs. picking up with mouth…

  4. Cognitive learning • Classical Conditioning: • Acquire mental information that guides our behavior. (Even animals can learn to predict an event.) • Conditioned likes and dislikes • We can out-think the contrived associations. • Operant Conditioning: • Latent learning: (Mags tying shoes / reading) • Extrinsic rewards can destroy intrinsic motivation

  5. Observational learning • Cognition is a factor – modeling (observing and imitating others) • Viewing violent media • Prosocial and Antisocial events • Mirrors • Bobo doll experiment

  6. Can we learn by others’ experiences? • Vicarious reinforcement/vicarious punishment • By watching others, we can learn to anticipate the consequences of a behavior. This is especially true if we identify with the person – they are like us or admirable or successful. • Prosocial – shadowing/apprenticeship/interning at work. Non-violent/helpful behaviors are “catchy” Actions and words should be consistent. Hypocrisy can also be imitated!

  7. Anti-social observational learning… • Not good! • This may explain why men who abuse their wives had fathers who abused their mothers and why abusive parents have aggressive children. • Television and other media – do they influence behavior? • Violent video games, song lyrics, movies… • This is a hugely debated topic.

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