The Executive Branch

1. The Executive Branch

2. “I don’t know whether you fellows ever had a load of hay fall on you, but when they told me yesterday what happened, I felt like the moon, the stars and all the planets had fallen on me.” -Harry S. Truman, 1945

3. Duties of the President • Head of State • Represents the U.S. • Performs ceremonial functions • Chief Executive • Enforces laws of Congress • Chief legislator • Proposes bills for Congress to consider

4. Duties of the President Commander in Chief • $400 Billion budget • Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines

5. Duties of the President Appoints heads of executive departments Richard Crodray was appointed as head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in January 2012

6. Duties of the President • Conducts foreign policy (chief diplomat) • Negotiates treaties • Appoints ambassadors • Meets heads of state President Barack Obama meets with Chinese Premier WenJiabao

7. Duties of the President • Party Leader

8. Presidential Term “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who had held the office of President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.” -22ndAmendment, 1951

9. Presidential Salary & Benefits • $400,000 annual salary • $100,000 non-taxable travel allowance • Annual CEO Salaries • CEO Direct TV--$32.9 million • CEO Walt Disney--$28 million • CEO Ford Motor Company--$26.5 million • CEO IBM--$25.2 million • CEO Starbucks--$21.7 million

10. Presidential Salary and Benefits

11. Camp David • Located in Maryland • Run by the navy; protected by marines • Normandy invasion planned here

12. Presidential RequirementsConstitutional

13. Presidential RequirementsInformal • Government experience • Money/financial backing • Acceptable political beliefs • Acceptable personal characteristics Kennedy/Nixon Debates

14. Presidential RequirementsInformal • “The Presidency of the United States carries with it a responsibility so personal as to be without parallel…No one can make decisions for him…Even those closest to him…never know all the reasons why he does certain things and why he comes to certain conclusions. To be President of the United States is to be lonely, very lonely at times of great decisions.” • -Harry S. Truman

15. Presidential Succession Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. • Twenty-fifth Amendment, 1967

17. Presidents who have died in office William Henry Harrison Abraham Lincoln James Garfield Zack Taylor Warren Harding Franklin D Roosevelt William McKinley John F. Kennedy

18. Vice President’s House

19. Presidential Disability • Amendment 25 • President is disabled and VP takes over if • Pres. Tells congress that he’s disabled • V.P. and majority of cabinet declare him disabled Dwight D. Eisenhower Woodrow Wilson

20. The Vice Presidency • “the most insignificant office that was the invention of man…or his imagination conceived.” • John Adams, comment on his position as V.P. • “The Vice Presidency isn’t worth a warm pitcher of spit.” • John Nance Garner, V.P. to FDR • “I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything.” • John Adams

21. Vice-Presidential Duties • Constitutional • Preside over the Senate • Decide whether the President is disabled

22. Vice-Presidential Power Over Time • “The only authority he [the Vice President] has is what the President gives him. He who giveth can taketh away.” • Hubert Humphrey, LBJ’s vice-president • “When you’re talking to Dick Cheney, you’re talking to me. When Dick Cheney’s talking, it’s me talking.” • The role of V.P. has changed over time and varies by whoever is President

23. Importance of V.P. • Next in line • Helps to balance the ticket

26. The Mechanics • Each state given electors • # senators + # representatives= # electors for a state • 435 representatives + 100 senators + 3 D.C.= ? • Presidential hopeful needs 270 to win. • If a person wins the popular vote in a state, they will get all electoral votes for that state…winner take all! (except: Neb. /Maine)

27. What do the following four men all have in common? • A. Andrew Jackson • B. Samuel Tilden • C. Grover Cleveland • D. Al Gore

28. The Answer • They all won the popular vote in a Presidential election but did not become President.

29. 2000 • Popular Vote Albert Gore 48.7% George W. Bush 48.5% Electoral College Gore 266 Bush 271 Winner: Bush

31. If you were running for President with limited money and could only focus on a few states, where would you focus your campaign? Use the map to decide which states you want to win.

33. What are the drawbacks to the Electoral College? • Encourages low voter turnout • Diminishes third party influence • Person with most popular votes may not win • No one “forces” the electors to vote for the candidate they pledged their loyalty to • If there is no majority winner in the Electoral College, the election goes to the H.O. R and there is a loss of separation of powers

34. Why do we still have the E.C.? • Small states have a bigger voice • Not big enough incentive to change it---it’s worked for a long time.

35. Executive Power of the President “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.” -Article II, Constitution “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” Article II, Sec. I, Clause 8 execute: enforces, administers, carries out *State of the Union Speech

36. Executive Powers • President executes laws with the use of an extensive federal bureaucracy. • Bureaucracy: a large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization.

37. Executive Powers • Elements of a bureaucracy • Hierarchical authority structure • Job specialization • Formalized rules • Carry out the day to day business of government (3 million workers) Reagan Building: Houses government offices in downtown Washington D.C.

39. The Bureaucracy at Work • Federal bureaucrats today help make and shape public policy • Administer hundreds of programs that impact almost all Americans on a daily basis • Write rules and regulations and set standards to implement laws Congress passes • Social Security Laws • Housing and Urban development laws • Helps draft new laws for Congress to consider • Congress’s major power over the bureaucracy is the power of the purse • Add to or cut the budget of bureaucratic agencies

41. Executive Office of the President • Presidents closest advisors and assistants • Housed in the White House—west wing • Includes Chief of Staff, Press Secretary • White House staff numbers around 400 • Changes with every administration

42. Executive Departments • Often called the presidential cabinet • 15 cabinet positions • Each unit headed by a secretary chosen by the President and approved by the Senate Pres. Washington’s cabinet Pres. Obama’s Cabinet

44. Cabinet Qualifications • Expertise • Managerial ability • Acceptability to interest groups • Racial and gender representation • Geographical balance • Party loyalty

45. Cabinet Duties • Individually each cabinet head manages a department and is responsible for implementing policies. • Collectively, they serve as an advisory board • In recent decades the presidents have relied more heavily on their cabinet heads.