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Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor

Hydrogeology EEES 4410/5410. Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor. (419) 530-2634 Jhayden@UTnet.UToledo.edu. Ground Water The Unseen Part of the Water Cycle. Aquifer. Salt Groundwater. Hydrogeology Defined Water/Earth Interactions. Earth materials Rock Sediment (Soil) Water

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Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor

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  1. HydrogeologyEEES 4410/5410 Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor (419) 530-2634 Jhayden@UTnet.UToledo.edu

  2. Ground WaterThe Unseen Part of the Water Cycle Aquifer Salt Groundwater

  3. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Earth materials • Rock • Sediment (Soil) • Water Geologic processes • Form, • Distribute and • Change earth materials • Water is a primary agent of many (all?) geologic processes

  4. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Interactions go both ways • Groundwater controls geologic processes • Geology controls flow and availability of groundwater

  5. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow • Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

  6. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow • Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials

  7. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow • Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials • Where groundwater is available as a resource is controlled by geology

  8. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow • Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials • Where groundwater is available as a resource is controlled by geology • Contaminant transport in the subsurface is controlled by geology

  9. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Groundwater controls geologic processes • Volcanic Processes: • Groundwater controls water content of magmas • Groundwater injected by magmas can metamorphose country rocks • Geysers are an example of volcanic activity interacting with groundwater

  10. Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions Groundwater controls geologic processes • Earthquakes: fluids control fracturing and fault movement, lubrication and pressures • Landslides: groundwater controls slope failure • Landforms: Valley development and karst topography

  11. Trends in population and freshwater withdrawals by source, 1950-2000.

  12. Trends in total water withdrawals by water-use category, 1950-2000.

  13. 1843: Acton v. Blundell“English Rule” The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate even if an adjoining property owner were harmed. 1861: Frazier v. BrownEnglish Rule in Ohio Groundwater is “…occult and concealed…” and legislation of its use is “…practically impossible.” Ohio Groundwater Law

  14. 1903:Huber v. Merkel English Rule in Wisconsin A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of groundwater, even with malicious harm to a neighbor. 1974:Wisconsin v. MichelsPipelineConstructors Inc. English Rule Overturned Landowners no longer have “an absolute right to use with impunity all water that can be pumped from the subsoil underneath.” Wisconsin Groundwater Law

  15. 1984: Cline v. American Aggregates English Rule overturned in Ohio Justice Holmes: “Scientific knowledge in the field of hydrology has advanced in the past decade…” so it “…can establish the cause and effect relationship of the tapping of underground water to the existing water level.” Today: Lingering effects of English Rule It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to be defensible in court. English Rule Overturned in Ohio

  16. Who Uses Ground Water? • Eg. Groundwater use in Ohio

  17. The Hydrologic Cycle Atmosphere 0.0001% Streams and Lakes 0.01% (3%) Oceans 97.2% 0.61% (97%) Most available freshwater is ground water

  18. Atmosphere (global moisture transport) Precipitation Overland flow Precipitation Evaporation & Transpiration Evaporation Fresh Surface Water (Lakes, Streams, wetlands) Stream flow (runoff) Runoff Infiltration Ground Water(Ground-Water Flow) Component The Hydrologic Cycle Transfer Ocean (salt water) Baseflow

  19. Atmosphere 13,000km3/yr Precipitation 100,000km3 Overland flow Infiltration Component The Hydrologic Cycle Transfer Precipitation 320,000km3 Evaporation & Transpiration 70,000km3 Evaporation 350,000km3/yr ? • Fresh Surface Water • 125,000km3 • (runoff) Ocean 1.32 b km3 Runoff 38,000 ? ? Baseflow ? Ground 8.35 m km3 Water

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