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1. Chapter. Tax Research (Day 1) Dr. Richard Ott ACCTG 833, Fall 2007. Tax Research Process. Contexts: Closed-fact or tax compliance situations Open-fact or tax planning situations. Tax Research Process. Goal of tax planning: Maximize NPV of after-tax cash flows Must consider:
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1 Chapter Tax Research(Day 1)Dr. Richard OttACCTG 833, Fall 2007
Tax Research Process • Contexts: • Closed-fact or tax compliance situations • Open-fact or tax planning situations
Tax Research Process • Goal of tax planning: • Maximize NPV of after-tax cash flows • Must consider: • Tax consequences to all parties • Nontax costs • Financial reporting consequences (publicly traded corporations)
Tax Research Process • Determine the Facts • Identify issues and research questions • Locate applicable authorities • Evaluate authorities (conflicts) • Analyze facts in terms of the authorities • Communicate conclusions and recommendations (usually written)
Sources of Tax Law • Statutory authorities • Administrative authorities • Judicial authorities
Statutory Authorities • U.S. Constitution, 16th Amendment (1913) • Tax Treaties • The Internal Revenue Code
Internal Revenue Code • The Internal Revenue Code is the law as enacted by Congress, signed by President • Highest weight of authority in conflicts
Internal Revenue Code • The Internal Revenue Code is Title 26 of the U.S. Code and is organized as follows: A. Subtitles 1. Chapters C. Subchapters III. Parts A. Subparts 351 Sections
The Internal Revenue Code • Sections are numbered sequentially from the beginning to the end of Title 26 and are divided as follows: 351 Section (g) Subsections (1) Paragraphs (A) Subparagraphs (i) Clauses
The Internal Revenue Code • Examples of acceptable citations: Internal Revenue Code §351(g)(1)(A)(i) IRC §351(g)(1)(A)(i) IRC Section 351(g)(1)(A)(i) Code §351(g)(1)(A)(i) Code Section 351(g)(1)(A)(i) Section 351(g)(1)(A)(i) of the IRC Section 351(g)(1)(A)(i) of the Code 26 USC §351(g)(1)(A)(i)
For Next Class: • Read Chapter 1 through page 1-13 in the Prentice Hall textbook • Note to self: There was ½ hour of extra class time available on each of Days 1 and 2 and 20 minutes extra time on Day 3. Next time combine Chapter 1 into just 2 days.