Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

1. General Education 111 Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

2. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Motives for Exploration • Portuguese Exploration Caravan traveling from China to Europe, Catalan Atlas ca. 1375

3. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Motives for Exploration • Portuguese Exploration • The Lure of Trade

4. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Motives for Exploration • Portuguese Exploration • The Lure of Trade • Missionary Efforts

5. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • The Technology of Exploration • Navigational Instruments Mariner using cross staff to determine latitude.

6. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • The Technology of Exploration • Navigational Instruments • Knowledge of Winds and Currents

7. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • The Technology of Exploration • Navigational Instruments • Knowledge of Winds and Currents • The volta do mar

8. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic European Exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498 C.E.

9. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic • Prince Henry of Portugal

10. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic • Prince Henry of Portugal • Vasco da Gama

11. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic • Prince Henry of Portugal • Vasco da Gama • Christopher Columbus

12. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic • Prince Henry of Portugal • Vasco da Gama • Christopher Columbus • Hemispheric Links

13. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan

14. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan • The Circumnavigation

15. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan • The Circumnavigation • Exploration of the Pacific

16. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans • Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan • The Circumnavigation • Exploration of the Pacific • Captain James Cook

17. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Trading-Post Empires • Portugese Trading Posts

18. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Trading-Post Empires • Portugese Trading Posts • Afonso d’Alboquerque

19. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Trading-Post Empires • Portugese Trading Posts • Afonso d’Alboquerque • English and Dutch Trading Posts

20. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Trading-Post Empires • Portugese Trading Posts • Afonso d’Alboquerque • English and Dutch Trading Posts • The Trading Companies

21. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • European Conquests in Southeast Asia • Conquest of the Philippines

22. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • European Conquests in Southeast Asia • Conquest of the Philippines • Manila

23. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • European Conquests in Southeast Asia • Conquest of the Philippines • Manila • Conquest of Java The City of Batavia, ca. 1650

24. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War • Competition and Conflict

25. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War • Competition and Conflict • The Seven Years’ War

26. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia • Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War • Competition and Conflict • The Seven Years’ War • British Hegemony

27. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges

28. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges • Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline

29. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges • Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline • Food Crops and Animals

30. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges • Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline • Food Crops and Animals • American Crops American crops unknown to Europe

31. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges • Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline • Food Crops and Animals • American Crops • Population Growth

32. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Columbian Exchange • Biological Exchanges • Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline • Food Crops and Animals • American Crops • Population Growth • Migration

33. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Global Exchanges • The Origins of Global Trade • Transoceanic Trade

34. Chapter Twenty-Three:Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections • Sources From The Past: Christopher Columbus’s First Impression of American Peoples “They are very gentle and do not know what evil is; nor do they kill others, nor steal; and they are without weapons and so timid that a hundred of them flee from one of our men even if our men are teasing them...” - Christopher Columbus

35. Major lessons • The 16th century marked the turning point at which Europeans began to systematically push outwards • Expansion was a complex interaction of motivations; trade, territory, religion, etc. • Expansion was facilitated by scientific knowledge and nautical technology • Expansion is best seen as interactions – there were benefits and losses on both sides • Not all European powers took the same approach to exploration and colonization • Why did the Europeans succeed?