Agreement

1. Agreement Chapter 5

2. Subject-Verb Agreement (s/v) • Subjects must agree in number with verbs. • Singular verbs end in –s. • Note the chart on p. 118. (ESL students please memorize this chart.) • Caleb (write, writes) his vocabulary story each week. • Their vocabulary stories (is, are) entertaining.

3. Compound Subjects • 2 subjects joined by and take a plural verb. • Elizabeth and Faith (write, writes) continuing vocabulary stories. • If 2 subjects are joined by or, nor, either—or, or neither—nor, the verb must match the number of the closest subject. • Neither flip-flops nor sandals (is, are) appropriate.

4. Exception • If the a subject joined by and acts as a unit, it takes a singular verb. • Macaroni and cheese (is, are) one of my favorite dishes.

5. Intervening Phrases • A person with a dislike of cats of (is, are) allergic. • My pens, not my pencil, (is, are) red. • The gift, four sets of individual salt and pepper shakers, (is, are) appreciated.

6. Intervening Phrases • The subject must match the verb of the sentence in number. • Intervening phrases such as negative, prepositional, and appositive phrases do NOT affect the verbs number. • 10th grade vocabulary stories, not 9th grades, (is, are) due on Tuesdays. • Edgar Allan Poe, the father of the detective story and popular short story writer, (is, are) the author of “The Raven.”

7. Predicate Nouns • Subjects and predicate nouns do not need to agree. • The homework (is, are) to read AL pages and to work on vocabulary story 10. • Ian’s prized possession (is, are) his skates.

8. Inverted Order • The words there and here are NEVER subjects. • There (is, are) not homework tonight. • When (is, are) homecoming?

9. Problem Nouns and Pronouns • Memorize the chart on p. 125! • Overalls (is, are) not my favorite. • Soapsuds (is, are) annoying if they overflow from a washing machine. • Politics (is, are) a complex topic. • Victoria Falls (is, are) beautiful. • Look for the word pair to indicate a singular verb. Pairs indicates a plural verb.

10. -ics • Words that end in –icsthat indicate a field of study indicate a singular verb. • Words that end in –ics that refer to an activity, product, or characteristic use a plural verb. • Home economics (is, are) a useful class. • The electronics within a TV (is, are) complicated.

11. Collective Nouns • Club, audience, class, crew, team, etc. • Collective nouns that refer to a group as a unit are singular. • Collective nouns that focus on the individual members of a group are plural. • The jury (give, gives) its verdict tomorrow. • The jury (was, were) unable to agree among themselves.

12. Indefinite Pronouns • Memorize the charts on p. 129. • Always singular pronouns take a singular verb. • Always plural pronouns take a plural verb. • Look at the context of the sentence, specifically the Ops, to determine the verb for either singular or plural pronouns. • All of the pie (was, were) eaten. • All of the cookies (was, were) delicious.

13. Indefinite Pronouns • The number of takes a singular verb. • A number of takes a plural verb. • Everyone (needs, need) to study for the American Literature test. • Many (does, do) study for the test. • None of the students (was, were) at school on Friday due to the snowstorm. • None of the students in this class (is, are) in 12th grade.

14. Titles and Quotations • Titles that are used as subjects take a singular verb even if the title is plural. • Hard Times (was, were) written by Charles Dickens. • Quotations take a singular verb. • “Give me liberty, or give me death” (was, were) said by Patrick Henry. • “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your years” (is, are) a famous quotation from Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare.

15. Amounts • Amounts viewed as a single unit take a singular verb. • Five hours and fifteen minutes (is, are) a long time.

16. Relative Pronouns • Who, which, that • Relative pronouns at act as subject must be considered singular or plural according to their antecedents. • This is the book that (is, are) recommended. • These are the books that (is, are) classics. • The phrase, “the only one of the,” takes a singular verb. • The phrase, “one of the,” takes a plural verb.

17. Pronoun-Antecedent agreement • Pronouns must match their antecedents in number and gender. • Poe wrote short stories, but he also wrote poetry. • He/she vs. he

18. Compound Antecedents • Antecedents joined by and take a plural pronoun. • Poe and Hawthorne wrote (his, their) stories during the Romantic Era. • Antecedents joined by or and nor take a pronoun that matches the closest antecedent in number and gender. • Neither the girls nor Kody (wants, want) (his, her, their) free ice cream cone.

19. Indefinite Pronouns as Antecedents • If an indefinite pronoun acts as an antecedent for a personal pronoun, the pronoun must match the indefinite pronoun in number. • Memorize the chart on p. 129. • Everyone get out (his/her, their) book out. • All of the students (has, have) (his/her, their) books. • All of the field (has, have) flowers growing in (it, them).

20. transitional

21. YOUR TOPIC GOES HERE • YOUR SUBTOPIC GOES HERE

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