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Classification

Classification. All of the species on Earth can be separated into 3 domains & 6 kingdoms of life! Remember! You can continue classifying organisms into more specific categories until you separate them into individual species. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species.

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Classification

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  1. Classification • All of the species on Earth can be separated into 3 domains & 6 kingdoms of life! • Remember! You can continue classifying organisms into more specific categories until you separate them into individual species. • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  2. The 3 Domains of Life • The 3 domains are a recent addition to the classification system: • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukarya Within these domains are the 6 kingdoms of life!

  3. The 6 Kingdoms of Life

  4. Which of the following is not a kingdom of life? • Primates • Plant • Protist • Archaebacteria

  5. The 6 Kingdoms of Life… what are they? • Animalia • Plantae • Protista • Fungi • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria

  6. More discovered every day! • It is estimated that there are… • 10 million – 1 billion species of bacteria on Earth • 10-30 million species of animals • 300,000 species of plant • 75,000 species of fungi • 65,000 – 200,000 species of protist

  7. Relationship of the Domains • Although Archaea used to be classified as bacteria, studies of physiology & morphology of their cells reveal that they are as different from bacteria as we are! – so they need a separate domain.

  8. Most Recent Classification System – Used Today

  9. (D) Archaea – (K) Archaebacteria • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular • Cell walls NOT made of peptidoglycan • Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic • Live in extreme environments • No oxygen, extreme heat, salinity (salty), places where you thought nothing could live! Boiling volcanic pool in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming – typical conditions for growth of archaea!

  10. (D) Bacteria – (K) Eubacteria • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular • Cell walls made of peptidoglycan • Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic Many are helpful to us, but some are pathogenic (make us sick)!

  11. (D) Eukarya – (K) Protista • Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • Mostly unicellular, a few multicellular • Some heterotrophic, some autotrophic • Some have cell walls, some don’t • Examples: • Pathogens living in rivers/lakes • Slime Molds • Algae Amoeba Slime Mold Giardia

  12. (D) Eukarya – (K) Fungi • Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • Mostly multicellular; yeast is the only unicellular fungus • Heterotrophic • Cell wall made of chitin Molds, mushrooms, & yeast are all fungi!

  13. (D) Eukarya – (K) Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Autotrophic • Cell walls made of cellulose Examples: mosses, ferns, conifers, & flowering plants

  14. (D) Eukarya – (K) Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • No cell walls Examples: worms, sponges, insects, jellyfish, humans, fish, dogs, etc.

  15. I am unicellular & my cell wall is made of cellulose. D. Fungi E. Plantae F. Animalia Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Protista!

  16. I am unicellular & my cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Eubacteria!

  17. I am a halophile. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archaebacteria!

  18. I am unicellular & I move with cilia. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Protista!

  19. I am yeast, an important ingredient in bread. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Fungi!

  20. On a sheet of paper (share!): • It wasn’t until 1998(ish) that the US began using the 6 kingdom system. Before this, archaebacteria & eubacteria were grouped into 1 kingdom (kingdom monera). • Research has shown that archaea are as different from eubacteria as we are. The composition of their cells are very different & archaea have some properties that are more similar to eukaryotes. What type of bacteria do you think came first in the evolution of life? Why?

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