Silas Deane

1. Silas Deane

2. Key Ideas • Define “History”. • Describe the process historians use to determine history. • How do historians know when their research is complete?

3. History “History is what happened in the past.” “What really happened.” Historians bring the past to the present, without distorting it Historians = Messengers  Wrong!

4. History…according to Davidson and Lytle • “History is not “what happened in the past’; rather, it is the act of selecting, analyzing, and writing about the past. It is something that is done, that is constructed, rather than an inert body of data that lies scattered through the archives.” • page XIX • “Being courier to the past is not enough. For better or worse, historians inescapably leave an imprint as they go about their business: asking interesting questions about apparently dull facts, seeing connections between subjects that had not seemed related before, shifting and rearranging evidence until it assumes a coherent pattern. The past is not history, only the raw material of it. How those raw materials come to be fashioned and shaped is the central concern of the rest of this book. • page XXIX

5. Facts • Historians collect, gather, select and then organize facts  History • Sources may matter: • http://www.foxnews.com/ • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ • These will be where the “facts” of the future are harvested by historians

6. History…according to Davidson and Lytle Summary: Facts + Methods = History

7. Silas Deane • “minor American diplomat to France” • Ilya Lichtenstein • “a second-rate diplomat” • D.R. Lewis • “Deane does not appear in most American history texts, and rightly so. He served as a distinctly second-rank diplomat” • Davison and Lytle “Second-rate” or “Founding Father”?

8. Facts I • Deane is sent to Paris to help conclude a treaty of alliance • Arthur Lee accuses him of cheating his country to make a private profit • Deane writes letters that make him unpopular in America • He goes into exile and nearly starves • Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself • He takes ill and dies before the ship can leave; rumors suggest he may have committed suicide

9. Facts II • Ben Franklin and Arthur Lee are members of the delegation to Paris • Edward Bancroft is Deane’s private secretary and an American spy • Men who know Deane say he is talented but ambitious and ought to be watched

10. Facts III • Before Deane leaves, he visits an American artist, John Trumbull • The Boston Packet is delayed for several days by a storm • On the last day of his life, Deane gets out of bed in the morning • He puts on his clothes and buckles his shoes (last day of life) • He eats breakfast (last day of life) • When he takes ill, he tries to speak twice • He is buried several days later

11. Historian  Julian Boyd Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself + Before Deane leaves, he visits an American artist, John Trumbull = ? (The Boston Packet is delayed for several days by a storm)

12. Suicide? J. Cutting Bancroft T. Paine T. Jefferson Anonymous obituaries

13. Edward Bancroft • Friend of Silas Deane • Physician • Spy for the USA

14. Facts … revisited • Deane is sent to Paris to help conclude a treaty of alliance • Arthur Lee accuses him of cheating his country to make a private profit • Deane writes letters that make him unpopular in America • He goes into exile and nearly starves • Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself • He takes ill and dies before the ship can leave; rumors suggest he may have committed suicide • Deane is sent to Paris to help conclude a treaty of alliance • Arthur Lee accuses him of cheating his country to make a private profit • Deane writes letters that make him unpopular in America • He goes into exile and nearly starves • Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself • He takes ill and dies before the ship can leave; rumors suggest he may have committed suicide Deane is going back to America!

15. Edward Bancroft • Friend of Silas Deane • Physician • Spy for the USA • Double Agent? * What does Deane’s return to the United States mean to Bancroft?

16. Silas Deane Write down the “facts” you would include in a brief biography of Silas Deane. Use the stick figure to create symbols of key items in your biography.

18. Facts • Deane is sent to Paris to help conclude a treaty of alliance • Arthur Lee accuses him of cheating his country to make a private profit • Deane writes letters that make him unpopular in America • He goes into exile and nearly starves • Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself • He takes ill and dies before the ship can leave; rumors suggest he may have committed suicide • Ben Franklin and Arthur Lee are members of the delegation to Paris • Edward Bancroft is Deane’s private secretary and an American spy • Men who know Deane say he is talented but ambitious and ought to be watched • Before Deane leaves, he visits an American artist, John Trumbull • The Boston Packet is delayed for several days by a storm • On the last day of his life, Deane gets out of bed in the morning • He puts on his clothes and buckles his shoes (last day of life) • He eats breakfast (last day of life) • When he takes ill, he tries to speak twice • He is buried several days later

19. Facts I • Deane is sent to Paris to help conclude a treaty of alliance • Arthur Lee accuses him of cheating his country to make a private profit • Deane writes letters that make him unpopular in America • He goes into exile and nearly starves • Helped out by a gentleman friend, he buys passage on a ship for America as his last chance to redeem himself • He takes ill and dies before the ship can leave; rumors suggest he may have committed suicide