EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, CHS. 1-3 (BY GB, FR, SP, NE, PO)

1. EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, CHS. 1-3(BY GB, FR, SP, NE, PO) • SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed. • a. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade. • b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American culture. • c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism. • d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

2. EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT(COLONIES DEVELOP ECONOMIES THAT ALLOWED SETTLERS TO SURVIVE, THOUGH EACH COLONY DIFFERED IN REL., CUL., AND POL. CUSTOMS.)

3. EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT • The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the original United States of America. These thirteen British colonies in North Americarebelled against British rule in 1775.

4. THIRTEEN COLONIES • New England • Province of New Hampshire, later New Hampshire • Province of Massachusetts Bay, later Massachusetts and Maine • Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, later Rhode Island • Connecticut Colony, later Connecticut. • Middle Colonies • Province of New York, later New York and Vermont • Province of New Jersey, later New Jersey • Province of Pennsylvania, later Pennsylvania • Delaware Colony (before 1776, the Lower Counties on Delaware), later Delaware • Southern Colonies • Province of Maryland, later Maryland • Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia • Province of North Carolina, later North Carolina and Tennessee • Province of South Carolina, later South Carolina • Province of Georgia, later Georgia

5. ECONOMICS(EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES) 1. ECO. OF ENG. AND 13 COLONIES 2. MERCANTILISM-ECO. POLICY

6. DESCRIPTORS OR MERCANTILISM • 1.EARTH-LIMITED WEALTH-NATURAL RESOURCES, ESP. GOLD, SILVER • 2.THE BEST NATION HAD MOST WEALTH • 3.GOAL: GET WEALTH • 4.THE MORE 1 NATION HAD, THE LESS THE OTHER NATION HAD • 5.AS NATION BECAME STRONGER-WEALTHIER, OTHERS LESS

7. MERCANTILISM, CONTINUED • 6. ENG SAW THE 13 COLONIES AS SOURCE OF WEALTH • 7. THE MORE LAND ENG HAD THE LESS FR AND OTHER NATIONS HAD IN N. AMERICA • 8. THE MORE AMERICAN GOODS ENG COULD SELL, THE LESS $ THE OTHER NATIONS WOULD HAVE. • 9. RESULT: ENG GREATER, RIVALS WEAKER

8. MERCANTILISM, CONTINUED • 1.ENG TIGHTLY CONTROLLED TRANS (ACROSS)-ATLANTIC TRADE. • 2.ALL GOODS TO AND FROM BRITISH N. AM. HAD TO TRAVEL IN ENG. SHIPS AND LAND 1ST IN ENG AND PAY TAXES. • 3.RESULT: • 1)COLONIES WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO COMPETE AGAINST ENG. • 2)SMUGGLERS

9. TRANS-ATLANTIC TRADE

10. TRANS-ATLANTIC TRADE • The three-way trans-Atlantic trade known historically as the Triangular Trade was the trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of slaves, sugar (often in its liquid form, molasses), and rum between West Africa, the West Indies and the northern colonies of British North America.

11. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE • The slaves grew the sugar from which was brewed rum, which in turn was traded for more slaves. In this circuit, the sea lane west from Africa to the West Indies (and later, also to Brazil) was the notorious Middle Passage. Its cargo was abducted or recently purchased Africanslaves.

12. BLACK, AFRICAN CULTURE • 1.GROWTH OF FARMS AND PRODUCTION OF CASH CROPS RESULTED IN MORE AFRICAN SLAVES • 2.LOCATION: MOSTLY SOUTHERN COLONIES FOR FARMING • 3.INTRODUCTION OF AFRICAN CULTURE TO AMERICA

13. NEW IDEAS INFLUENCE THE COLONISTS • 1.ENLIGHTENMENT, LATE 1600S-1700S • 2.GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S

14. ENLIGHTENMENT • 1.AGE OF REASON • 2. The American Enlightenment describes the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States.

15. ENLIGHTENMENT • 3. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature and society. There was a shift from God-centered thinking to human being centered. Instead of going through life unhappy and thinking they had to suffer so they could enjoy the afterlife, people began to think about what they could accomplish on earth.

16. ENLIGHTENMENT • 4.MOST FAMOUS AMERICAN PERSONALITY: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN • 1)PRINTER, WRITER, BUSINESSMAN, PHILOSOPHER, SCIENTIST, INVENTOR, POLITICIAN • 2)IMPROVE SELF (INDIVIDUALISM) • 3)RISE IN SOCIAL STATUS (SOCIAL MOBILITY)

17. ENLIGHTENMENTBENJAMIN FRANKLIN

18. Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706  – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania. He was an early proponent of colonial unity and as a political writer and activist he, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation and as a diplomat during the American Revolution, he secured the French alliance that helped to make independence possible.

19. GREAT AWAKENING • The First Great Awakening, (referred to by some historians as the Great Awakening) was a period of heightened religious activity, primarily in Great Britain and its North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. • Everywhere, it attracted large and emotional crowds, eliciting countless conversions as well as considerable controversy. • JONATHAN EDWARDS AND GEORGE WHITEFIELD

20. 1.RELIGION WAS MORE PERSONAL. 2.MOVE AWAY FROM STRICT PURITAN VIEWS GREAT AWAKENING, GEORGE WHITEFIELD AND JONATHAN EWARDS, PREACHERS

21. GREAT AWAKENING • George Whitefield (December 16, 1714 - September 30, 1770), an Anglican, Church of England, itinerant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies. . He was a very influential figure in the establishment of Methodism. He was famous for his preaching in America which was a significant part of an 18th century movement of Christianrevivals, sometimes called "The Great Awakening."

22. Jonathan Edwards (October 5, 1703 – March 22, 1758) was a colonial AmericanCongregational preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. He is known as one of the greatest and most profound of American theologians and revivalists. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," emphasized the just wrath of God against sin and contrasted it with the provision of God for salvation; the intensity of his preaching sometimes resulted in members of the audience fainting, swooning, and other more obtrusive reactions. The swooning and other behaviors in his audience caught him up in a controversy over "bodily effects" of the Holy Spirit's presence.

23. SUMMARY • 1.NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • 2.MIDDLE COLONIES • 3.SOUTHERN COLONIES • 4.MERCANTILISM • 5.SLAVERY • 6.ENLIGHTENMENT • 7.GREAT AWAKENING