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Conditions for European defence RTD collaboration

Understand the conditions and impact of European defence research, technology development, political influences, and collaborative agreements. Explore the role of government research institutes, technological programming, and the European Defence Industrial Base.

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Conditions for European defence RTD collaboration

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  1. Conditions for European defence RTD collaboration Mr Stefan Törnqvist FOI – Swedish Defence Research Agency Sweden Filnamn

  2. WEAG DE TU PL HU CZ NO GR PO LU FI AU GARTEUR EREA NL OCCAR UK GE FR IT BE SP SE FA/LoI EDAIR European alphabet soup Filnamn

  3. Armed Forces Suppliers Force development Tetchnology development What is research in terms of defence? • Research and technology (R&T) • R&T activities embedded in development funding • Demonstrators constitute middle ground • Does generally not include basic research Filnamn

  4. Political impact of defence R&T • Highly political • Security, defence, industry, regional, research policies • Still founded on national capabilities • International dimension increasingly important • Highly unequal distribution of capabilities in Europe • 97 % of defence R&D among six nations Filnamn

  5. Nations are only customer Armed forces and/or Government Stability Longterm plans Rights of use  IPR Security of information National resources What’s R&T for? Providing advice Developing technology for the supplier base Creating critical technologies for new capabilities Over the entire acquisition cycle! Strong Customer focus Filnamn

  6. Government research institutes FOI, Dstl, ONERA Other state agencies or laboratories VTT, TNO, CEA Research foundations Fraunhofer Partnership with industry Integrated project teams Long cycles Supplier base no longer strictly national European Defence Industrial and Technological Base (DTIB) European Defence Equipment market (EDEM) Separate from civil industry Partnership with R&T suppliers Filnamn

  7. Research programming has so far been predominately technology-driven (bottom-up) Stronger top-down programming from customer needs “research programming increasingly starts not with scientists, but with men in uniform” Techn. Dev. Military Req. R&T Programming Filnamn Effect

  8. View on technologies • Narrower scope of “defence specific” technologies • Electronic warfare, energetic materials, NBC defence • Technology insertion increasingly important • Emerging technologies, some of which may be disruptive, e.g. nanotechnology • Analysis suggests limited duplication on ”narrow” technologies • Close interaction with test and evaluation activities • Aeronautics a special case Filnamn

  9. Agreement-based collaboration • Bilateral agreements • Memoranda of Understanding • Multilateral agreements • ”WEAG instruments” primarily EUROPA MOU • Aeronautics Filnamn Agreements are not always identical to organisations!

  10. Multilateralisation of collaboration • Collaboration primarily bilateral • E.g. Franco-German collaboration • Multilateralisation • WEAG, Letter of Intent, European Defence Agency • Acceptance of interdependence and trust • Aeronautics already collaborate multilaterally • Industry restructuring Filnamn

  11. WEAG Project activities • Since 1991 • Ca 200 R&T projects worth ca. 1 G € • Currently ca 70 on-going projects (>300 M€) • Average yearly funding 70 M€ per country • The average project • ca 3 M€ • Lasts three years • Has 3,5 participating nations Filnamn

  12. European Defence Agency • Agency in support of ESDP in terms of • Capabilities, armaments, R&T and indstrial aspects • Agent for R&T strategy, policy, guidance and co-ordination • Will not finance its own R&T activities • Funding remains with nations • Hence, EU is no new customer but sets capability requirements jointly for nations Filnamn

  13. Defence R&T Strategy (WARRP 04) • Enhance European capabilities • Maintain technology-driven perspective • Identify priority areas for co-operation • Enhance co-operation • Build partnerships with industry and research providers • Create strong base for technology and test activities • Improve interaction with other research sectors • Deliver defence and security capabilities Filnamn

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