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Tissues

Tissues. Epithelial Tissue. Tissues. A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. Four main types of tissues: Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous All cells present in a tissue are surrounded by/bathed in an extracellular matrix (ECM)

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues Epithelial Tissue

  2. Tissues • A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. • Four main types of tissues: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscular • Nervous • All cells present in a tissue are surrounded by/bathed in an extracellular matrix (ECM) • ECM-nonliving material (no cells), usually fluid (but can be solid), produced by the cells it surrounds.

  3. Epithelial Tissue • Widespread through out the body, present in every body system. • Very diverse cell types compose it (9 types) • Avascular-no blood vessels present • Very little ECM present • Are usually able to repair themselves and/or regenerate through the life span • Located on the outside of the body, on the outside of the organs, lining hollow spaces inside organs and lining body cavities. • Function to provide sensation, protect, absorb substances, secrete substances (produce) and excrete substances (eliminate). • Common for intercellular connections to be present.

  4. Intercellular Connections • Many epithelial tissues have specialized connections between the individual cells. • Connections are protein structures (3 Types) • Desmosomes: Anchor adjacent cells to one another. • Help keep epithelial tissue in tact.

  5. 2. Tight junctions: fuse cell membranes at intermittent spots • Allow for more rapid diffusion of substances between cells.

  6. 3. Gap junctions: tubular channels between cells • Also allow for more rapid diffusion of substances.

  7. Distinct features of ALL epithelial tissues… • Basement Membrane: nonliving material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying tissue. Free surface/lumen Epithelial cells Basement Membrane Underlying tissue

  8. 2. Free surface: Open space on the side/edge of the ET. • Also called the lumen when it is inside organs/cavities

  9. Types of Epithelial • Nine types • Classified according to the shape of cell and the number of cell layers present in the tissue. • Name consists of two parts, the Part1-Indicates the number of cell layers Part 2-Indicates the shape of the cells.

  10. 1 Cell Layer: Simple • Simple Squamous • Squamous: flat/squashed • Simple Cuboidal • Cuboidal: cubes • Simple Columnar • Columnar: columns • Could have microvilli or cilia on free surface. • Goblet cells-are secreting cells

  11. 2 or More Cell Layers: Stratified • Stratified Squamous • Squamous: squashed cells at free surface • Stratified Cuboidal • Cuboidal: many times only 2-3 layers thick • Stratified Columnar • No cilia or microvilli

  12. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Abbrev. Pseudostartfied • Looks like more than one cell layer but it’s not • Stratified Transitional Epithelium • A type of stratified epithelium • Tissue stretches & cells at free surface change shape. • Distended= stretched tissue

  13. Glandular Epithelium • Classified because of function • Could be simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar or pseudostratified. • Specialized to secrete • Are endocrine glands or exocrine glands

  14. What type of ET do you see? • Simple cuboidal

  15. What type of ET do you see? • Stratified squamous

  16. What type of ET do you see? • Simple columnar (ciliated)

  17. What type of ET do you see? • Psuedostratified

  18. What type of ET do you see? • Simple cuboidal

  19. What type of ET do you see? • Simple Squamous

  20. What type of ET do you see? • Transitional

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