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Climate Change 1020

Climate Change 1020. Lecture Oct 16, 2006 Lis Cohen. Today’s Lecture. Weather What makes weather? Is energy from the sun evenly distributed? Sun heating the earth Deficits and Excess How does this energy move to create less of a gradient (difference over space)?

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Climate Change 1020

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  1. Climate Change 1020 Lecture Oct 16, 2006 Lis Cohen

  2. Today’s Lecture • Weather • What makes weather? • Is energy from the sun evenly distributed? • Sun heating the earth • Deficits and Excess • How does this energy move to create less of a gradient (difference over space)? • One cell vs. Three cell model • Pressure Gradient Force, Coriolis, Friction • What moves the energy? • Mid latitude storms

  3. What makes weather? • Unequal heating of the Earth!!! • This unequal energy is moved and distributed to other places on Earth.

  4. Although, Energy in = Energy out, the distribution of energy with latitude is uneven.

  5. Tropics have a surplus of energy and the poles a deficit. A net poleward transport of energy is therefore required. ENERGY

  6. http://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.phphttp://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.php

  7. http://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.phphttp://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.php

  8. Our atmosphere is a three cell model. These three cells transport energy to the poles. http://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.php

  9. Other planets show evidence of multiple cell atmospheres…

  10. How does the energy (heat) move from equator to the poles? Vertical winds and horizontal winds transport the energy!

  11. Winds Patterns Balance of 3 forces • The pressure gradient force causes wind to blow from high pressure toward low pressure. • The coriolis force causes wind to be deflected to the right of the motion in the northern hemisphere. • Friction which slows the wind.

  12. Pressure Gradient Force http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/pgf.rxml

  13. If the earth was not spinning, air would move directly from high to low pressure areas. http://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.php

  14. Winds Patterns are a balance of 3 forces • The pressure gradient force causes wind to blow from high pressure toward low pressure. • The coriolis force causes wind to be deflected to the right of the motion in the northern hemisphere. • Frictionwhich slows the wind.

  15. Coriolis Effect

  16. Coriolis Videos • Video 1 of the Coriolis Effect

  17. Coriolis(Northern Hemisphere- air moves to the right of the initial motion) Direction of initial motion

  18. Coriolis(Northern Hemisphere- air moves to the right of the initial motion) • Highs – clockwise rotation • Lows – counterclockwise rotation (cyclonic) • Northern Hemisphere Surface map • Northern Hemisphere Satellite map • Northern Hemisphere Wind map

  19. Coriolis(Southern Hemisphere - Air moves to the left of the initial motion) Direction of initial motion

  20. Coriolis(Southern Hemisphere - Air moves to the left of the initial motion) • Highs- counterclockwise rotation • Lows- clockwise rotation • Southern Hemisphere Satellite • Southern Hemisphere Winds • Southern Hemisphere Pressure

  21. Coriolis (earth turns underneath the slower wind) Direction of initial motion

  22. Coriolis Effect

  23. http://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.phphttp://teacherresourceexchange.org/science/coriolis/index.php

  24. Winds Patterns are a balance of 3 forces • The pressure gradient force causes wind to blow from high pressure toward low pressure. • The coriolis force causes wind to be deflected to the right of the motion in the northern hemisphere. • Friction which slows the wind.

  25. Pressure Gradient and Coriolis H L Initial Motion

  26. Pressure Gradient and CoriolisandFriction H L Initial Motion

  27. Pressure Gradient and CoriolisandFriction H L New Motion

  28. The poleward transport of energy occurs in the fronts and low pressure systems of the middle latitudes.

  29. Warm Fronts COLD AIR COLD AIR Transport warm air and water vapor (energetic water) from the equator, to the poles.

  30. Warm Fronts COLDER AIR WARM AIR

  31. Cold Fronts COLD AIR Cold fronts usually transport colder and drier air (less energetic air) towards the equator. WARM AIR

  32. Water Vapor Transport Pathway

  33. Atmospheric Window:Important to the energy balance of the planet. A body at 288 K (Earth) temperature emits most of its energy in this wavelength region. IR satellites use this window to see the temperature of the cloud tops. Energy Emitted by the EarthMost is absorbed by atmosphere

  34. Meteo 1020 Lecture 3 Weather and Climate This figure shows the transparency of various wavelength bands important to absorption of energy in the earth’s atmosphere Satellite images in this band are from reflected sunlight Atmospheric Window - Wavelength region of infrared satellite images- responds to the temperature of the cloud tops. The atmospheric window is also important to the energy balance of the planet. A body at 288 K temperature (the earth’s average surface temperature) emits most of its energy in this wavelength region.

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