E N D
1. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 1 Ultrasound Phantoms: Designs, Configurations and Applications Heather L. Miller
CIRS, Inc.
Norfolk, VA Welcome, introduce self and topic. Disclose employment at CIRS
Welcome, introduce self and topic. Disclose employment at CIRS
2. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 2 What is an ultrasound phantom? Any structure that contains one or more materials that simulate a body of tissue in its interaction with ultrasound and is used to mimic ultrasonic interactions in the human body. What is an ultrasound phantom. Essentially it is any device that has materials that simulate certain acoustic properties of human tissue. What is an ultrasound phantom. Essentially it is any device that has materials that simulate certain acoustic properties of human tissue.
3. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 3 Phantom Construction Tissue Mimicking Material (TMM)
Targets
Housings Phantoms are composed primarily of TMM. This is the substance that mimicks certain acoustic properties of human tissue. The phantom can be a homogeneous slab of TMM but more often than not it will contain some embedded test objects with known shape, size, and location. The TMM is typically protected by some type of protective housing.Phantoms are composed primarily of TMM. This is the substance that mimicks certain acoustic properties of human tissue. The phantom can be a homogeneous slab of TMM but more often than not it will contain some embedded test objects with known shape, size, and location. The TMM is typically protected by some type of protective housing.
4. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 4 Tissue Mimicking Materials Agar
ZerdineTM
Urethanes
Other
epoxies
liquids
natural materials There are a wide variety of TMM. The solid forms are agar, zerdine (a water-based polymer) and urethanes. Other materials are also used such as epoxies to simulate bone, liquids for BMF and in homemade phantoms natural materials such as turkey breast with olives.There are a wide variety of TMM. The solid forms are agar, zerdine (a water-based polymer) and urethanes. Other materials are also used such as epoxies to simulate bone, liquids for BMF and in homemade phantoms natural materials such as turkey breast with olives.
5. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 5 Acoustic Properties Speed of Sound
Attenuation Coefficient
Backscatter Coefficient/Relative Contrast
Elasticity
Thermal Properties TMM are mimicking because they have certain controlled and measured acoustic properties. Speed of sound discussion, attenuation discussion, contrast discussion using next slide too. Also newer interest is in characterizing the elastic for sonoelastography and thermal for HIFU.TMM are mimicking because they have certain controlled and measured acoustic properties. Speed of sound discussion, attenuation discussion, contrast discussion using next slide too. Also newer interest is in characterizing the elastic for sonoelastography and thermal for HIFU.
6. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 6 Speed of sound enables the vertical distances to be measured correctly. In urethanes the sos is low so the wires are positioned to fool the ultrasound machine. Attenuation coefficient mimicks the depth of penetration in various tissues, I.e. how much energy is absorbed or transferred into heat by the TMM. Backscatter/relative contrast shows up as varing degrees of brightness on the image.Speed of sound enables the vertical distances to be measured correctly. In urethanes the sos is low so the wires are positioned to fool the ultrasound machine. Attenuation coefficient mimicks the depth of penetration in various tissues, I.e. how much energy is absorbed or transferred into heat by the TMM. Backscatter/relative contrast shows up as varing degrees of brightness on the image.
7. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 7 Wires One of the most commonly used embedded object are wires. These run the width of the phantom and show up as points on the ultrasound image. They are highly reflective materials such as nylon monofilament or stainless steel and very small diamters on the order of 0.1 mm.One of the most commonly used embedded object are wires. These run the width of the phantom and show up as points on the ultrasound image. They are highly reflective materials such as nylon monofilament or stainless steel and very small diamters on the order of 0.1 mm.
8. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 8 Various Masses By altering the contrast of the TMM you can create various shapes to embed as masses. These may be spherical, cylindrical, egg shaped, organ shaped, really almost anything as all the materials are liquids injected into various shaped molds. The center image is really a CT image but it is from a triple modality abdominal phantom that can be used in ultrasound, CT or MRI and I think it really demonstrates the variety of forms the various TMM can take.By altering the contrast of the TMM you can create various shapes to embed as masses. These may be spherical, cylindrical, egg shaped, organ shaped, really almost anything as all the materials are liquids injected into various shaped molds. The center image is really a CT image but it is from a triple modality abdominal phantom that can be used in ultrasound, CT or MRI and I think it really demonstrates the variety of forms the various TMM can take.
9. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 9 Housings Serve to protect the TMM
Thin films
Saran
Polyurethane
Rigid Containers
ABS
PVC
Acrylic Most phantoms are going to be in some type of protective housing. Some are just going to be wrapped in a thin film of material while others will be in a rigid container with only the scan windows made from the thin films. Housings prevent the TMM from damage due to dessication and handling. It also allows the gels to maintain their shape ensuring that the targets havent moved.Most phantoms are going to be in some type of protective housing. Some are just going to be wrapped in a thin film of material while others will be in a rigid container with only the scan windows made from the thin films. Housings prevent the TMM from damage due to dessication and handling. It also allows the gels to maintain their shape ensuring that the targets havent moved.
10. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 10 Phantom Quality Target Position
CMM machining
Ultrasonic techniques
Acoustic Properties
Acoustic testing on individual batches
Visual Inspection
Phantoms are used for quality assurance so it is important that the quality of the phantom be high and verified. Targets location can be ensured using molds that are machined and inspected. Various ultrasonic techniques can verify target location once manufactured. Samples of the gel batches are taken and measured for various acoustic properties in test lab. And phantoms are subjected to rigorous visual inspection.Phantoms are used for quality assurance so it is important that the quality of the phantom be high and verified. Targets location can be ensured using molds that are machined and inspected. Various ultrasonic techniques can verify target location once manufactured. Samples of the gel batches are taken and measured for various acoustic properties in test lab. And phantoms are subjected to rigorous visual inspection.
11. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 11 Applications Training
Demonstration
Quality Assurance
Research & Development Self explanatory slideSelf explanatory slide
12. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 12 Training Phantoms Biopsy
Cryosurgery
Brachytherapy
HIFU
IVUS
3D Training phantoms are to teach a user to either perform an interventional procedure or learn how to scan a particular body part. Here we have an IVUS phantom. The transducer would enter the center lumen and you would image various fluid filled lumens at known distances from the central lumen.Training phantoms are to teach a user to either perform an interventional procedure or learn how to scan a particular body part. Here we have an IVUS phantom. The transducer would enter the center lumen and you would image various fluid filled lumens at known distances from the central lumen.
13. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 13 Breast Biopsy Breast biopsy phantoms are commonly used so physicians can practice the eye-hand coordination necessary to perform fine need aspirations of cysts or core-biopsy procedures. You can see the needle approaching the solid mass in this image.Breast biopsy phantoms are commonly used so physicians can practice the eye-hand coordination necessary to perform fine need aspirations of cysts or core-biopsy procedures. You can see the needle approaching the solid mass in this image.
14. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 14 Demonstrations 3D Systems
Mainly fetal ultrasound
Brachytherapy Systems
Demonstrate needle and seed visualization
Other Sales demonstrations Sales people also utilize phantoms as demonstration tools. Sales people also utilize phantoms as demonstration tools.
15. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 15 3D U/S Phantom The 3D fetal phantom shows off the equipments surface reconstruction software. This could also be used as a training device for freehand 3D image acquisition. You must scan very smoothly and at a constant rate in order to acquire the best images.The 3D fetal phantom shows off the equipments surface reconstruction software. This could also be used as a training device for freehand 3D image acquisition. You must scan very smoothly and at a constant rate in order to acquire the best images.
16. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 16 Demonstrations 3D Systems
Mainly fetal ultrasound
Brachytherapy Systems
Demonstrate needle and seed visualization
Other Sales demonstrations Brachytherapy phantoms are used to show needle and seed visualizationBrachytherapy phantoms are used to show needle and seed visualization
17. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 17 Brachytherapy This model contains the prostate gland, urethra, seminal vessicles, and rectum and can demonstrate the endocavity transducers. This again could be used for training for brachytherapy, biopsy, and cryosurgery procedures. You can think of the prostate as a patient, establish a treatment plan, embed the seeds and verify position with CT.This model contains the prostate gland, urethra, seminal vessicles, and rectum and can demonstrate the endocavity transducers. This again could be used for training for brachytherapy, biopsy, and cryosurgery procedures. You can think of the prostate as a patient, establish a treatment plan, embed the seeds and verify position with CT.
18. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 18 QA/QC Equipment Selection
Acceptance Testing
Consistency checks
Accreditation Programs
ACR
AIUM
ICAVL The other use for phantoms is in quality assurance and quality control applications. They are useful tools when trying to compare equipment performance, when you are doing acceptance testing of newly acquired machines as well as ongoing consistency checks. Im sure Zheng Feng will be going into much greater detail on this topic in the next presentation. QA phantoms are also useful for the various accredtation programs.The other use for phantoms is in quality assurance and quality control applications. They are useful tools when trying to compare equipment performance, when you are doing acceptance testing of newly acquired machines as well as ongoing consistency checks. Im sure Zheng Feng will be going into much greater detail on this topic in the next presentation. QA phantoms are also useful for the various accredtation programs.
19. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 19 QA phantoms come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. You have multi-purpose phantoms that can be used on a wide variety of equipment and then you have very specialized phantoms for use on Doppler systems or bracytherapy systems or very high frequency transducers.QA phantoms come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. You have multi-purpose phantoms that can be used on a wide variety of equipment and then you have very specialized phantoms for use on Doppler systems or bracytherapy systems or very high frequency transducers.
20. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 20 R& D Uses Product Development
FDA Approval Process
Basic Scientific Research Phantoms are also custom built for a variety of R&D uses. OEM utilize them during product development, they are an important component of 510 (k) applications and they you have people doing just basic scientific research that need something to scan.Phantoms are also custom built for a variety of R&D uses. OEM utilize them during product development, they are an important component of 510 (k) applications and they you have people doing just basic scientific research that need something to scan.
21. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 21 Manufacturers ATS Labs, Bridgeport, CT
www.atslabs.com
CIRS, Norfolk VA
www.cirsinc.com
Gammex RMI, Madison WI
www.gammex.com In the states there are three main manufacturers of phantoms. A wide variety of dealers sell these phantoms as well.In the states there are three main manufacturers of phantoms. A wide variety of dealers sell these phantoms as well.
22. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 22 Future Developments Increased durability
Increased longevity
Keep pace with developments of ultrasound machines
Thin Film phantom targets
Smaller resolution point targets
Phantom development parallels the developments in the ultrasound machines. As the machines become more sophisticated, so too will the phantoms. Right now people are working on trying to manufacture test objects that will push the resolution limits of the machines on the market. That means smaller, more closely spaced and more accurately described embedded objects. In addition, materials with greater durability and longevity are needed. Currently work is being done by the TSC committee within the AIUM to standardize the test methodology for absolute backscatter measurements.Phantom development parallels the developments in the ultrasound machines. As the machines become more sophisticated, so too will the phantoms. Right now people are working on trying to manufacture test objects that will push the resolution limits of the machines on the market. That means smaller, more closely spaced and more accurately described embedded objects. In addition, materials with greater durability and longevity are needed. Currently work is being done by the TSC committee within the AIUM to standardize the test methodology for absolute backscatter measurements.
23. May 12, 2003 ACMP Annual Meeting 23 In Summary Phantoms contain various TMM
Phantoms come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes
Phantoms are utilized for a variety of purposes such as training, QA, and demonstrations
Phantoms are useful tools