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Establishment of Hitler and the Nazi Party

Establishment of Hitler and the Nazi Party. Themes: Emergence of Leader: aims, ideology, support Ideology of movement. (52, 117) Role of the leader112-113 The nature of support for the movement   (farmers, rural 117)118-123. Themes cont. Methods: force or legal

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Establishment of Hitler and the Nazi Party

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  1. Establishment of Hitler and the Nazi Party • Themes: Emergence of Leader: aims, ideology, support • Ideology of movement. (52, 117) • Role of the leader112-113 • The nature of support for the movement   (farmers, rural 117)118-123

  2. Themes cont. • Methods: force or legal • Changing the system from ‘within’ 126 – strong economic platform, non anti Semitic 127 • Establishment of party system 114-116 • The use of violence to establish single party state (53- 55, 116) • Unwilling to share power with others • A period needed to consolidate

  3. Establishment of Hitler and the Nazi Party • Timeline overview (110-111)

  4. Ideology of movement. • Twenty Five Point Programme of 1920 had clauses that could be classified as racist, socialist, anti-democratic, and nationalist (52) • Classify each of the clauses into one of the four categories above

  5. Ideology of movement • Nationalist socialism • Social Darwinist theories of natural competition applied to human society. Fundamental difference between Communism and Nazism here – the former based on class differences (economic differences) and the other based on racial difference • Master Race or Herrenvolk

  6. “Nutrition is not a private matter!” “Your body belongs to the Fuhrer” Hitler Youth Manual: Health through Proper Eating Nazi were advocates of “the 'natural' diet for Germans, free of over-processed, preserved food”

  7. Master Race • "(The state) must see to it that only the healthy beget children; that there is only one disgrace: despite one's own sickness and deficiencies, to bring children into the world; and one highest honour : to renounce doing so. And conversely it must be considered reprehensible to withhold healthy children from the nation."

  8. Ideology of movement • Pan-Germanism • Unification of all German people into one state • Anschluss (386-389) • Sudetenland • Memel -Lithuania • Danzig and the Polish Corridor

  9. Ideology of movement • Lebensraum • Germany must expand to take over more territory (living space) to feed population

  10. Lebensraum • The term Lebensraum was coined by the German geographer, Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904). The theory states that the development of all species, including humans, is primarily determined by their adaptation to geographic circumstances. • species migration as the crucial factor in social adaptation and cultural change. • successfully adapted to one location = natural spread to others. • migration is a natural feature of all species, an expression of their need for living space • Healthy species must continually expand the amount of space they occupy

  11. To discussion • How does this theory fit in with the idea of Social Darwinism? • Why was expansion targeted to the East of Germany?

  12. Ideology of movement • Authoritarian state • Anti-democratic/Fuhrerprinzip • Democracy provides for weak government • Replace with single party state with an all powerful leader

  13. Methods: Force or LegalMain Questions • Did the Nazi Movement attempt to change the system from ‘within or through force? • To extent were the Nazis’ successful in the establishment of party system? • How did Germany change from a multi-party system to a single party system?

  14. Force: 1923 Beer Hall Putsch Popular Will: Creation of party system and elected

  15. Establishment of party system • Read pages 114-115 • Selective evidence that shows organizational strengths and weaknesses of the Nazi Party

  16. Establishment of party system • Pages 114-115 • Strong, locally organized party structure Gaue • Use of local leaders • Nazi Welfare organization • Use of the last campaign techniques with simple messages

  17. Changing the system from ‘within’ • After 1923 Putch, use of the democratic system to try and achieve power legally • Use of alliances with other parties gives access to resources and political legitimacy • Nationalist alliance of 1929 gains access to Hugenberg’s media empire

  18. Changing the system from ‘within’ • Achieved electoral success- 37% second highest vote total of any party in the WR • Had electoral success because of clear economic plan that appealed to German voters (126) • During the elections, extreme philosophies were moderate – i.e. did not emphasis their anti Semitic views (127) • Appointed Chancellor by President Hindenburg with the urging of the Junkers and key industrialists (142)

  19. Changing the system from ‘within’ • Debate: Proportional representation or Hindenburg Talking Point 1 on Page144 • Legal or illegal? Read page 144 and analyze the two cartoon

  20. Methods: force or legal • The use of violence to establish single party state (53- 55, 116)

  21. Methods: force or legal • Hitler and the Nazi Party were not opposed to the use of violence as a means of achieving political goals. • The SA (Brown shirts) had a huge membership of around 400,000 in 1933 (4x times larger than the German army) while the NSDAP had a total membership of 800,000 (120, 110-111) • Use of intimidation against other political parties in an attempt to influence elections (144)

  22. Methods: force or legal • Propaganda of the deed” = communist threat and military order (116)

  23. Historical Interpretations • Pages 154-155-Match differing historical interpretations with quotes. • Complete the source activity on page 156 • Using the quotes on page 158-159, classify each statement into a historical interpretation category

  24. Role of the Leader

  25. Role of the leader • An inspiring leader , successful orator (112-113) • Party adopts Fuhrerprinzip -gives Hitler massive power to control party (113) • Ideological/Political flexibility • Central rallying figure of the Nazi Party – the main symbol • Extent of personal appeal (during elections) disputed (113)

  26. Nature of Support

  27. Nature of support • Support from a range of socio-economic groups e.g. • unemployed, • manual labourers, • lower-middle class • business owners, • professionals • large industrialists.

  28. Nature of support • The Nazi Party was the largest political organisation in Germany • July 1932 - 37.7% of the vote • Largest party membership

  29. Nature of support • Protestant and Northern (121) • Young but equal gender appeal (120) • Clear economic plan and effective propaganda appealed to those looking for a change in government • Not anti-Semitic

  30. Case Study: Pastor Martin Niemoeller Protestant Late 30’s Recent rural to urban migrant Lived in an affluent suburb of Berlin Order and stability Nationalism Fear of Communism

  31. Assignment • Historical debate: Complete the chart and questions on page 122 • Analyze the posters on pages 124-125 and examine the graph on page 128– Write a summary of the target group(s) of the Nazis

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