Daily Schedule August 13

1. Daily Schedule August 13 • Essential Questions – • Opening – • Work Session – • Climate and latitude worksheet ( serve as review) • Ch. 4.1 Notes • Closing -

2. Physical Geography: 4-1 Landforms

3. The Earth’s Interior • There are four main zones of the Earth’s interior: • Crust – upper-most layer and thinnest. • Mantle – contains most of the Earth’s mass. • Outer Core – hot, molten metals. • Inner Core – even hotter, solid metals.

4. Internal Forces • Plate Tectonics – theory that explains how landforms are created; states that the surface of the Earth is cracked into 14 plates. • Continental Drift – the idea that these plates move. • Pangaea – supercontinent on the Earth’s surface about 200 million years ago.

6. Plate Movement • Spreading – two plates moving away from each other; creates ridges, valleys, canyons, & trenches. • Collision – two plates moving towards each other; creates mountains. • Lateral – two plates moving alongside each other; creates earthquakes & tsunamis.

7. Earth’s Surface • Weathering – the breakdown of rocks over a long period of time. • Sediment – after weathering occurs for a long period of time, rocks become smaller and smaller forming particles of gravel, sand, & mud. • Erosion – The movement of sediment from one place to another; caused by wind, water, and ice.

8. Freshwater • 97% of the water on Earth is saltwater. • Of the 3% that is freshwater, most of it is locked in ice caps or underground. • The only useable water is surface water is in rivers & lakes. • Desalinization – process that removes salt from salt water; but is VERY expensive and most of the times not cost effective.

9. Only 1.704% of freshwater is useable!

10. The Hydrologic Cycle • Water evaporates from the oceans and rises into the atmosphere. • There it cools & condenses into clouds. • Once enough moisture is in a cloud, the water falls back to Earth as precipitation. • Through rivers and lakes, water returns to the ocean where the cycle begins again.

12. Soil & Forests • Soil – various types throughout the world; some is more nutrient than others. • Soil Exhaustion – caused by overuse of soil; all nutrients are removed from soil by plants and previous planting years.

13. Soil & Forests (cont’d) • Crop Rotation – Not using certain fields from year-to-year to replenish nutrients. • Irrigation – movement of water from wet areas to dry areas. • Soil Salinization – build up of salt in soil.

15. Soil & Forests (cont’d) • Deforestation – The destruction/loss of forests. • Reforestation – replanting forests.

16. Air & Water • Atmosphere – layers above the earth of different gases. • Ozone – thin layer of the atmosphere that blocks the suns UV rays. • Smog – pollution/chemicals released into the atmosphere and interact with sunlight & gases. • Acid Rain – pollution/chemicals interacting with the Hydrologic Cycle; can be deadly.

18. Air & Water (cont’d) • Aqueducts – artificial channels used to move water. • Aquifers- large amounts of groundwater; used as water source for people not near large freshwater source.

19. Minerals & Energy • Mining – technique used to remove elements, compounds, and minerals from the ground. • Fossil Fuels – nonrenewable energy source; petroleum (oil), coal, & natural gas. • Geothermal Power – power created by using heat from Earth’s interior.

20. Hydroelectric Power – power created by moving water through dams.