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Exploring the Nature of Matter

Exploring the Nature of Matter. Particle Theory of Matter. All matter is made up of tiny particles. Pure substances are made up of only 1 type of particle. Particles attract each other. Particles are always moving. Particle Theory of Matter Continued… .

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Exploring the Nature of Matter

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  1. Exploring the Nature of Matter

  2. Particle Theory of Matter • All matter is made up of tiny particles. • Pure substances are made up of only 1 type of particle. • Particles attract each other. • Particles are always moving.

  3. Particle Theory of Matter Continued… • Particles at higher temperature usually move faster than particles at lower temperature.

  4. Scientific Model • Scientists use scientific models to help understand things that cannot be directly seen. • Scientific models help us picture/imagine abstract concepts.

  5. Example of Scientific Model • Particle theory is a perfect example of a scientific model. • The first two statements help us visualize how matter is composed. • The last three statements help us understand and predict how matter behaves in different scenarios.

  6. Solids, Liquids & Gases

  7. Pure Substance vs. Mixture • Pure substancesare made up of only 1 type of particle. • Mixtures are made up of more than 1 type of particle.

  8. 2 Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous Mixtures/Solutions are uniform meaning that they are the same throughout. • Heterogeneous Mixtures are not uniform meaning they are not the same throughout.

  9. Changes in Matter • Changes in matter can be classified into 2 categories: • Physical change: New properties may appear, but no new substance is formed and the change can be easily reversed. • Ex: Ice melting is an example of a physical change.

  10. Changes in Matter Continued… • Chemical change: At least 1 new substance will be formed along with new properties. Chemical changes are difficult to reverse and sometimes impossible. • Ex: Burning paper is an example of a chemical change.

  11. Two or More for Chemical Change • Heat is produced or lost. • One of the starting materials is used up. • New color appears. • Starting color disappears. • A material with new properties forms. • Gas bubbles form in the liquid. • Solid precipitate forms in the liquid.

  12. Properties: Chemical or Physical? • Physical property: Any property that can be measured or observed without forming a new substance. • Ex: The color of orange juice can be observed without touching it or changing it. Color is a physical property.

  13. Properties: Chemical or Physical? Continued… • Chemical property: Any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance. • Ex: Hydrogen burns in air or in other words it is combustible. Combustibility is a chemical property.

  14. A few terms to remember • Combustibility: Is the ability of a substance to burn in air. • Density: Is the amount of matter that occupies a space.

  15. Example of Calculating Density • A chunk of silver has a volume of 2.00cm³ and a mass of 24.0g. What is its density? 12.0g/

  16. Your Turn! • A chunk of gold has a volume of 4.00cm³ and a mass of 12.0g. What is its density?

  17. Example of Calculating Mass A iron bar has a volume of 50 and a density of 5. Calculate its mass. Mass Mass Mass250g

  18. Your Turn! • A mini basketball has a volume of 100 and a density of 5.0g/. Calculate its mass.

  19. Example of Calculating Volume The density of nickel is 2.0g/. What is the volume of 10.0g of nickel?

  20. Your Turn! • Mercury has a mass of 18g and a density of 2.0g/. Calculate its volume.

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