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C.Woody BNL

Summary of the Calorimetry Session PHENIX Upgrade Workshop Dec 14-16, 2010. C.Woody BNL. PHENIX Collaboration Meeting January 11, 2011. Upgrade Workshop - Calorimetry Session. Agenda Start at 8:30 am

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C.Woody BNL

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  1. Summary of the Calorimetry Session PHENIX Upgrade Workshop Dec 14-16, 2010 C.Woody BNL PHENIX Collaboration Meeting January 11, 2011

  2. Upgrade Workshop - Calorimetry Session • Agenda • Start at 8:30 am • 10’ – Introduction to the Workshop and Calorimetry Session (M.Leitch pptx, pdf; C.Woody ppt, pdf) • 30’ – Overview of the PHENIX Decadal Plan (D.Morrison, pdf) • 20’ – Physics with Calorimetry in the PHENIX Upgrade (M.McCumber, pdf) • 20’ - Calorimeter Requirements – What’s in the Decadal Plan ? (N.Grau, pdf) • 20’ - Technology Choices for Calorimetry in an Upgraded PHENIX Detector (C.Woody ppt, pdf) • 30' - Status of Physics Analysis with the Current PHENIX EMCAL (T.Sakaguchi, pptx, pdf) • 30’ - The ALICE FOCAL (T.Gunji pdf, pptx ) • 30’ – ORNL Approaches to the ALICE FOCAL & Ties to Future PHENIX Upgrades (C.Britton ppt , pdf ) • 20’ – Open mike (All) pdf • Lunch 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm • 30’ - Hybrid Calorimetry in an Upgraded PHENIX (E.Kistenev, ppt) • 30’ - Scintillator Calorimetry for the PHENIX Upgrades (J.Frantz, pptx, pdf) • 30' - New Technologies for SciFi Calorimeters (O.Tsai, pptx, ppt) • 30’ - Use of SiPMs in the GlueX Barrel Calorimeter (E.Smith, pdf) • 30' - The CALICE Calorimeters (F.Sefkow) pdf • Physics Colloquium: 3:30 pm – 4:30 pm (P.Steinberg) • Open Discussion, Summary and Future Plans: 4:45 pm – 6:00 pm C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  3. Ground Rules • Do not deviate from the Decadal plan design “too much” • Want a Compact Detector with specific physics capabilities that will be able to perform unique and important physics measurement in 5-10+ years at a “reasonable” cost •  We are not aiming to build a new, large, multipurpose • detector like ATLAS,CMS, or ALICE • Design based around a “small” solenoid magnet in the central region • However, things like the radius of magnet should be considered as a variable within reasonable limits • Focus on technology choices that will enable this type of design C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  4. C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  5. Basic Assumptions • Inclusion of a Hadron Calorimeter covering 2p and |h| < 1 • implies the need for a Compact Electromagnetic Calorimeter • Both calorimeters need to be hermetic and projective • To handle shower overlaps in central Au+Au collisions, a • CompactEMCal implies: • - Small Moliere radius (~ 2 cm) • - High segmentation (Dh ~ .01, Df ~ .01) • Identifying single photons from p0s up to pT ~ 40 GeV/c requires • a preshower detector with Dh(Df) ~ .0005 •  ~ 300 mm at R = 60 cm • At least part of the CEMC will be inside the magnetic field • The hadronic calorimeter will be outside the field and will have • have relatively low granularity (Dh Df ~ 0.1) C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  6. Energy Resolution vs Occupancy Assumed energy resolutions in the Decadal Plan: - Electromagnetic ~ 15%/E - Hadronic ~ 50%/E The energy resolution requirements will determine the sampling fraction in a sampling calorimeter, which will in turn have an impact on the Moliere Radius, Radiation Length and Nuclear Absorption Length RM, X0 and lI will determine the transverse segmentation and longitudinal depth of the calorimeters. Occupancy will be determined by how far the calorimeters are located from the interaction point Simple calculation (A.Oskarsson) based on scaling our present Pb-Sc EMCAL at R=5m and RM=3 cm to a new Compact EMCAL at R=60 cm and RM=2 cm changes occupancy from 2% to 66% ! C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  7. Technology Choices • Sampling vs Homogeneous Reduced by sampling fraction “Apparent” RM ~ 1.8 cm due to Cherenkov • Optical vs Ionization • Optical  Scintillator (crystal, plastic), Wavelength Shifter, Cherenkov • Ionization  Silicon, Noble Liquids (Ar, Kr, Xe) • Readout Devices C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  8. FOCal 2011 Segment - 0 Segment - 1 Segment - 2 2 mm W plates, ~5 X0 4 mm W plates, ~16 X0 22 layer of ~500m Si pads 15x15 mm2 8 layers of ~300m 0.5 mm wide Si strips (4 X + 4 Y) Preshower separation • enhanced early shower measurements; • reduced readout gaps to reduce shower • blow-up; • resolved dynamic range problem. p0 g Provides good compactness due to thin sampling layers of silicon E.Kistenev

  9. CNS, India, ORNL, 7 • “Standard” W+Si (pad/strip) calorimeter (CNS) • Similar to the PHENIX FOCAL but 3.5m away from IP Total 25k channels • W thickness: 3.5 mm (1X0) • wafer size: 9.3cmx9.3cmx0.525mm • Si pad size: 1.1x1.1cm2 (64 ch/wafer) • W+Si pad : 21 layers • 3 longitudinal segments • Summing up raw signal longitudinally in segments • Single sided Si-Strip (2X0-6X0) • 2g separation, 6 inch wafer • 0.7mm pitch (128ch/wafer) ALICE FOCAL Taku Gunji + Chuck Britton First segment Second segment Third segment CPV Si Strip (X-Y) Tungsten Si pad

  10. EMCAL Options - Decadal Plan Accordion Scintillator Accordion (E.Kistenev & colleagues from Russia) Composite tungsten plates can be formed into accordion shape Projective Towers ALICE Pb-Sc Projective Shashlik w/APD Readout Tungsten Scintillator Shashlik HERA-B had a non-projective W-Sc Shashlik C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  11. WLS fiber Scintillating Tile Hadron Calorimeters ATLAS Other Tile-WLS Fiber Calorimeters CMS Barrel Hadron LHBb HCAL STAR EMCAL D0 HERA CALICE (w/SiPMs) Depth segmentation achieved by fiber routing Scintillator tiles read out on edges with WLS fiber C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  12. Scintillating Fiber Calorimeters 1 mm plastic scintillating fibers SPACAL Embedding scint fibers in an absorber matrix (Oleg Tsai) UCLA Prototype 0.25x0.25, 0.3 mm fibers 0.8 mm spacing R.Wigmans, NIM A494 (2002) 277-287 Other Sci-Fi Calorimeters H1 KLOE JETSET CHORUS E864 (BNL) “Spacardeon” C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  13. Hybrid Option for PHENIX Central Calorimetry s-c magnet EMC energy sampler Hadronic energy sampler E.Kistenev • Si-Sc hybrid option • Active preshower ~4 X0 • 2 mm W (or equivalent) plates in preshower • Si readout in preshower • Pb & Sc in both E-sampling segments • Optical readout in sampling segments • -emenergy resolution: 20% at 1 GeV • em depth: 20 X0 or more; • had. Resolution – better 50% at 1 GeV • had depth: ~4 Labs Preshower

  14. Self supporting structure Optical Readout Accordion E.Kistenev C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  15. Shashlik W-Sc EMCal Module b Moliere Radius RM = 14.6 mm |h| x |f| segmentation = 0.0146 x 0.0146 (Projective) ~50 K Channels Don’t Need Preshower/SMD ? Energy resolution = 11.3 % / sqrt(E) Occupancy: 20 % (same assumptions for Pb) Price Quote: $8.2 M Total weight: 17.6 ton b square cross-section “a” slightly decreases from 15.0 mm to 14.9 mm as |h| increases “b” slightly decreases from 16.8 mm to 16.7 mm as |h| increases Thickness of W = 1.5 mm Thickness of Scintillator = 1.0 mm Radiation length X0 = 5.8 mm use 46 layers of W+Sc Depth of the module = 20X0 Sampling fraction = 0.0569 (rapidity independent) Position resolution = 2.8 mm at E = 1 GeV = 0.9 mm at E = 10 GeV a a J.Franz

  16. Barrel HCal Placed behind W-Sc Shashlik EMCal |h| x |f| segmentation = 0.1 x 0.1 1054 readout channels |h| = 1.05 |h| = 1.05 38.60 38.60 38.60 38.60 Boundaries of rapidity cells in HCal are shown |h| = 1.05 |h| = 1.05 J.Franz

  17. Issues and Questions • 1. What is the real occupancy in the EMCAL and HCAL and how does it affect the physics ? • EMCAL • - Preshower identifies single gs and p0s up to high pT, but overlapping showers • from other particles in the event affects the ability to measure their energy • HCAL • - What is the affect of the underlying event on measuring the jet energy ? • - Can we really live with very coarse segmentation if we want to correlate • hadronic energy with charged tracks ? • 2. What will be the radius of the magnet ? • Increasing the radius of the magnet will: reduce the occupancy in both calorimeters  allow more space for tracking and increase BdL, improve momentum resolution •  allow more space for particle id •  increase the cost C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  18. Issues and Questions • What energy resolutions do we really want in the EMCAL and HCAL ? • Is ~ ±1 units of h large enough to measure the jet given that we also want to measure soft fragmentation components ? • Should we try and identify muons behind the HCAL ? • Preshower needs to be inside magnet regardless of radius. • Probably needs to be Si strips or pixels to achieve the required separation resolution • Remainder of EMCAL could be inside or outside the magnet. • Could use PMTs if outside. However, cost due to increased size will be higher • Multiple technologies available for HCAL (tile-WLS, SciFi). • Need to look more carefully at the forward direction (pp + HI). • There will be a lot of interesting physics to study in this region well into the future and it connects well with the eRHIC program. • Additional detector R&D and simulations are needed C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  19. Areas for Detector R&D • In building a Compact Electromagnetic Calorimeter, there is a tradeoff between Moliere radius and energy resolution • Si-W provides good compactness, but cost is prohibitive at larger radii • Need to study/develop a compact, low cost optical readout calorimeter • Two options: • W-shashlik • W-accordion • What is the optimal sampling fraction ? • Minimize Moliere radius • Minimize sampling fluctuations while preserving energy resolution • Provide enough light output to produce usable signals and minimize • fluctuations due to photostatistics • Choose readout device • APD • SiPM • PMT need to develop low cost W absorbers (Tungsten Heavy Powder, Inc) inside magnetic field outside magnetic field C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  20. Backup Slides C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  21. M.McCumber C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  22. C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11 M.McCumber

  23. M.McCumber C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  24. M.McCumber C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  25. C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  26. Barrel Shashlik W-Sc EMCal J.Franz for later review not to be discussed now |h| x |f| segmentation = 0.015 x 0.015 50400 readout channels 10.30 10.30 1 m is the closest distance to the beamline from WSc material 9.90 7.70 8.60 9.40 9.90 9.40 8.60 7.70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 44.30 44.30 35 supermodules azimuthally |h| = 0.9 |h| = 0.9 10 supermodules along the beam |h| = 0.9 |h| = 0.9 44.30 44.30 C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  27. E.Smith C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  28. E.Smith C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  29. CALICE F.Sefkow Calorimetry for the International Linear Collider Analog Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) (one option being studied) Scintillator tile –WLS fiber calorimeter read out with SiPMs 7609 tiles, each with individual WLS fiber and SiPM (Pulsar) 38 layer 1 m3 prototype tested First large scale deployment of SiPMs R.Fabbri, 2009 IEEE NSS/MIC Conference Record C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

  30. CALICE Si-W EM Calorimeter F.Sefkow C.Woody, Calorimeter R&D Workshop Report, 1/11/11

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