The ISECG Global Exploration Roadmap

1. The ISECG Global Exploration Roadmap Kathy Laurini 21 May 2012

2. Presentation Contents • Introduction to the Global Exploration Roadmap • Plans for community engagement • Global Exploration Roadmap contents • Goals and objectives • Mission scenarios • Near-term preparatory activities • Conclusion

3. Introduction to the Global Exploration Roadmap • The first iteration of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) was released by ISECG in September 2011 • Second iteration planned Sept 2012 • The GER reflects the international effort to collaboratively define technically feasible and programmatically implementable exploration mission scenarios with the common goal of humans on the surface of Mars • Asteroid Next, Moon Next • GER serves as a non-binding reference for agencies to inform near-term decisions related to exploration preparatory activities 3

4. Participating Agencies 12 space agencies participated in the GER development 4

5. The GER Framework • The GER framework enhances coordination and cooperation of global human space exploration activities by enabling discussion of these key areas • Goals and objectives • Long-range mission scenarios • Near-term opportunities for coordination and cooperation • The contents of the GER reflect agency discussion on the technical factors driving space exploration plans and programs • Informs agency decisions regarding preparatory activities • Informs agencies interested in partnerships 5

6. Seeking Community Engagement • The first iteration of the GER will be updated by agencies to reflect evolving policies and plans and consensus on exploration scenario planning work • Multiple opportunities for input will be provided with each GER iteration • Main expectations for second iteration planned for end 2012/early 2012 • Reflecting consensus on any updates to asteroid next and moon next scenarios • Reflecting any ISS Partnership decisions regarding additional uses of ISS for exploration • 2nd iteration will maintain at least 2 mission scenarios considered technically feasible and programmatically implementable 6

7. Common Goals in the GER • Common goals are needed, but recognized individual agency goals are what is important to an agency • Search for Life • Extend Human Presence • Perform Space, Earth, and Applied Science • Perform Science to Support Human Exploration • Develop Exploration Technologies and Capabilities • Stimulate Economic Expansion • Enhance Earth Safety • Engage the Public in Exploration • GER reflects common goals and supporting objectives • These are to be iterated and will reflect agency/national priorities A Sustained Presence - Extending Human Frontiers New Knowledge in Science and Technology A Global Partnership Economic Expansion Inspiration and Education 7

8. Supporting Objectives Captured in the GER

9. Long-Range Strategy and Mission Scenarios • The GER defines a common long-range exploration strategy • Start with ISS and work towards humans sustainably exploring the surface of Mars • The common long-range strategy identifies two feasible pathways • Asteroid Next and Moon Next • Each pathway is elaborated through a “mission scenario” to enable discussions of exploration concepts and approaches which meet our common objectives 9

10. Two Pathways in a Common Strategy Mars: Ultimate Goal for All Scenarios Deep Space Habitat at Earth-Moon Lagrange Point Lunar Surface Asteroid Mars Surface ① ＩＳＳ （LEO） LEO & ISS Lunar Surface Earth-Moon Lagrange L1 Astreroid ② or Mars Orbit Next Steps Near-term Focus on Guiding Capabilities, Technologies and Leveraging ISS Long-term Focus is Discovery Driven and Enhanced by Emerging Technologies 10 10

11. Strategic Principles Guide Mission Scenarios • Capability driven framework – follow a step-wise approach to evolving capabilities • Exploration value – generate public benefits and meet exploration objectives • International partnerships – provide early and sustained opportunities for diverse partners • Robustness – provide resilience to programmatic and technical challenges • Affordability – take into account budget constraints • Human/Robotic partnership – maximize synergy 11

12. Asteroid NextTo Mars with an Asteroid as the Next Step

13. Key Features • Targeted utilization of the ISS to advance capabilities needed for human exploration • Continued availability of access to LEO through commercial or government provided capabilities • Opportunities to demonstrate human operations in cis-lunar space, enabling missions like satellite servicing • Early deployment of the deep space habitat to Lagrange point, allowing demonstration of habitation and other key capabilities in a deep space environment • Progressively longer demonstrations of the ability to live without the supply chain from earth • Technology Pull for in-space propulsion, advanced life support and power generation • Two asteroid missions, each with crew of 4, and a robotic precursor 13

14. ISECG Mission Scenario Robotic Precursor Mission Robotic Mission Technology Demonstration To Mars with an Asteroid as the Next Step ISS Utilization & Capability Demonstration Cis-Lunar Servicing & Deployment Deep Space Exploration Missions and Destinations Low Earth Orbit Opportunities for Commercial or International Platforms Step 1 ISS Operations Step 2 Exploration Test Module Crewed flights to Exploration Test Module Cis-Lunar Opportunities for Commercial or International Cis-Lunar Missions Crewed visits to DSHIncreasing duration Crewed visits to DSH Near-Earth Objects First Human Mission to a NEA Second Human Mission to a NEA Precursor to First NEA Precursor to Second NEA Robotic Exploration Moon Future Human Mission Robotic Exploration Mars System Future Human Mission Robotic Exploration Key Enabling Capabilities Space Exploration Vehicle Commercial Crew Deep Space Habitat MPCV Commercial Cargo NGSLV Servicing & Support Systems SLS/Heavy Launch Vehicle Advanced In-Space Propulsion Cryogenic Propulsion Stage 14 2011 2013 2014 2016 2017 2018 2020 2021 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2033 2012 2015 2019 2022 2029 ~ ~

15. Moon NextTo Mars with the Moon as the Next Step

16. Key Features • Targeted utilization of the ISS to advance capabilities needed for human exploration • Continued availability of access to LEO through commercial or government provided capabilities • Targeted science and ISRU efforts which build on knowledge from recent and planned robotic precursors • Early deployment of both medium and large cargo landers, to deliver human-scale robotic systems • Five “extended-stay” missions at the polar region, each with a crew of 4 • Demonstration of long-distance surface mobility needed for Mars exploration • Technology pull for technologies such as dust management and mitigation techniques, precision landing, and advanced life support • Lunar campaign followed by one mission to a Near Earth Asteroid • Lunar campaign can be extended if discoveries warrant 16

17. ISECG Mission Scenario Robotic Precursor Mission Robotic Mission Technology Demonstration To Mars with the Moon as the Next Step ISS Utilization & Capability Demonstration Lunar Exploration Deep Space Exploration Missions and Destinations Low Earth Orbit Opportunities for Commercial or International Platforms Step 1 ISS Operations Step 2 Exploration Test Module Crewed flights to Exploration Test Module Moon Opportunities for Commercial or International Lunar Missions Small Scale Human Scale Human Enabled Robotic Exploration Cis-Lunar Opportunities for Commercial or International Cis-Lunar Missions Crewed visits to DSH Near-Earth Objects Precursor to TBD Human Mission to a NEA Robotic Exploration Mars System Future Human Mission Robotic Exploration Communication Assets Key Enabling Capabilities Medium Cargo Lander Space Exploration Vehicle Commercial Crew Lander Descent Stage MPCV Commercial Cargo NGSLV Lunar Surface Elements Deep Space Habitat Servicing & Support Systems SLS/Heavy Launch Vehicle Cryogenic PropulsionStage Lander Ascent Stage 2014 2011 2013 2016 2017 2018 2020 2021 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2030 2031 2034 2037 2012 2015 2019 2022 2029 ~ ~

18. Near-Term Opportunities for Coordination and Cooperation • Significant resources are being expended around the world to prepare for human space exploration • Agencies seek opportunities to leverage these investments through knowledge of partner priorities and partnerships: coordination and cooperation • The Global Exploration Roadmap framework facilitates achieving alignment with emerging global consensus on exploration scenarios • Five opportunity areas have been identified • Use of ISS for Exploration • Space Systems and Infrastructure Development • Robotic Precursor Missions • Advanced Technologies • Analog Activities 18

19. Priority GER Discussion Topics for 2012 • Maximize use of ISS in support of exploration • Technology demonstration • Demonstrating reliability and maturity of critical capabilities • Human health management for long duration missions • Operational simulations • Early design reference missions in both Asteroid Next and Moon Next scenarios • Inform requirements development and agency studies • Sharing agency priorities for advanced technology investment areas • Look for partnership opportunities and areas considered underfunded

20. Priority GER Discussion Topics for 2012 (cont) • Defining human space exploration knowledge gaps for each destination • Increase synergy between human and robotic science exploration • Increase awareness of role of robotic missions as precursors

21. Conclusion • The ISECG is a non-binding agency coordination forum, enabling dialogue and producing products that inform individual agency decision makers • The GER reflects agency collaboration in order to identify technically feasible and programmatically implementable approaches to sustainable space exploration • Responding to common goals, respecting individual agency goals • Reflecting agency interests and envisaged long-term roles • Enabling discussions to advance international cooperation • ISECG agencies, including NASA, will communicate their work openly in order to promote interest and engagement in space exploration activities throughout society 21

22. Back Up Charts

23. The Global Exploration Strategy • The Global Exploration Strategy: A Framework for Coordination was documented in 2007 by 14 space agencies • Vision is for a globally coordinated and sustainable human and robotic space exploration effort to destinations that humans will someday live and work • Delivering benefits in 5 thematic areas: • Science and Technology • Sustained Presence in the Solar System • Economic Expansion • Global Partnerships • Inspiration and Education • Envisioned a coordination mechanism to promote the vision • International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) To learn more: www.globalspaceexploration.org

24. ISECG Terms of Reference • Work collectively in a non-binding, consensus-driven manner towards the further development and implementation of the Global Exploration Strategy • Providing a forum for discussion of interests, objectives and plans • Providing a forum for development of conceptual products • Promoting interest and engagement around the world • Enabling multilateral or bilateral partnerships • Principles • Open and Inclusive • Flexible and Evolutionary • Effective • Mutual Interest • Focus work on products considered important to enabling timely individual agency decision-making