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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. By: Jaclyn Carpenter and Chad Edwards. What is it?. Lymphoma results when a lymphocyte (a type of white cell) undergoes a malignant change and multiplies, eventually crowding out healthy cells and creating tumors.

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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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  1. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma By: Jaclyn Carpenter and Chad Edwards

  2. What is it? • Lymphoma results when a lymphocyte (a type of white cell) undergoes a malignant change and multiplies, eventually crowding out healthy cells and creating tumors. • There are two types of lymphomas, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. • The difference between these two lymphomas can be detected by looking at cells under a microscope. If the Reed-Sternberg abnormal cell is present the lymphoma is classified as Hodgkin’s, if this specific cell is not present then it will be classified as non-Hodgkin’s.

  3. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • It is important to determine whether the lymphoma is Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s because the treatment and outcomes can be very different. • There are about 60 subtypes of NHL. • These subtypes are further characterized as either “aggressive” (fast-growing) or “indolent” (slow-growing). • The type of NHL determines appropriate treatment, so getting an accurate diagnosis is crucial.

  4. Signs and Symptoms • An enlarged lymph node in the neck, armpit or groin • Less often: swollen node near the ears, elbow or in the throat near the tonsils • Occasionally, the disease starts in a site other than the lymph nodes, such as a bone, a lung, the gastrointestinal tract or the skin. • Patients may experience symptoms that are associated with that site, such as bone pain, cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, rashes or skin lumps.

  5. Signs and Symptoms Continued • Swollen abdomen • Feeling full after only a small amount of food • Chest pain or pressure • Shortness of breath or cough • Fever • Weight loss • Night sweats • Fatigue (extreme tiredness)

  6. Risk Factors • Age: Getting older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people. • Gender: Overall, the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. • Immune system deficiency • People who receive organ transplants • People infected with HIV

  7. Risk Factors Continued • Exposure to certain chemicals: Some studies have suggested that chemicals such as benzene and certain herbicides and insecticides may be linked with an increased risk of NHL. • Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other Cancers • Radiation exposure: Patients treated with radiation therapy for some other cancers, such as Hodgkin disease have a slightly increased risk • This risk is greater for patients treated with both radiation therapy and chemotherapy

  8. Stages

  9. Key Statistics • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in the United States, accounting for about 4% of all cancers. • About 69,740 people (37,600 males and 32,140 females) will be diagnosed with NHL. About 19,020 people will die from this cancer (10,590 males and 8,430 females). • The average American’s risk of developing NHL during his or her lifetime is about 1 in 50. • Death rates from NHL have been decreasing since the late 1990s. • More than 95% of cases occur in adults, half of patients are older than 65.

  10. Incidence Rates

  11. Race, ethnicity, and geography • In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to develop non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. • Worldwide, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having the highest rates. • Some types of lymphoma that have been linked to specific infections are more common in certain parts of the world.

  12. Treatment • Treatment varies on a case by case basis. It depends on the person, type of lymphoma diagnosed, and stage of cancer. • General treatment options: • Chemotherapy • Radiation • Immunotherapy • Stem cell transplant • Surgery (only in rare cases)

  13. Survival Rates • The overall 5-year relative survival rate for people with NHL is 68%, and the 10-year relative survival rate is 57%. • Overall, symptoms are lessened and a better Quality of Life is achieved in most cases.

  14. Prevention • There is no 100% way to prevent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, however the American Cancer Society has some general suggestions to prevent cancer: • Live a healthy lifestyle • Don’t smoke • Eat healthy • Maintain a healthy weight • Exercise regularly • Do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol • Avoid having unprotected sex

  15. Control Measures • Educating the public about non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma • Making people aware of the signs and symptoms and simple lifestyle changes they can make to help prevent this disease • Encourage regular screenings and doctor visits • Provide support, information, and options for those diagnosed

  16. National Organizations • Leukemia & Lymphoma Society • American Cancer Society • Lymphoma Research Foundation • National Cancer Institute • National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship

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