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The Judicial System of the Russian Federation

The Judicial System of the Russian Federation. Russia’s Regions. 1991 re-constituted as a federation Courts approved by the Federation Council (Article 127) 80 Subjects Regions 2 major cities Moscow, St Petersburg Republics Chechnya as an example. The Constitutional Court.

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The Judicial System of the Russian Federation

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  1. The Judicial System of the Russian Federation

  2. Russia’s Regions • 1991 re-constituted as a federation • Courts approved by the Federation Council (Article 127) • 80 Subjects • Regions • 2 major cities • Moscow, St Petersburg • Republics • Chechnya as an example

  3. The Constitutional Court • Highest Judicial body • 19 judges • June 2008, St Petersburg • Interpret the Constitution • Constitutionality of laws passed

  4. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation • Jurisdiction • Civil, criminal and administrative matters • 123 judges • Located in Moscow • Highest court of appeals (cassation) • Original jurisdiction on serious criminal cases • Also issues regulations • Explanations on issues of judicial practice

  5. Courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation • Supreme Courts of the Republics (High Courts) • Moscow and St Petersburg courts • Courts of Autonomous districts • Courts of the Subjects, appeals • District Courts • Justices of the Peace

  6. District Courts • Smaller towns and villages have one • Cities may have many • Basis for general jurisdiction • Civil, criminal jurisdiction • Appeals from Justices of the Peace

  7. Justices of the Peace • General jurisdiction • Professional judges (lower pay) • Smaller civil disputes • Petty administrative and criminal offenses • Each district with several justices

  8. Military Courts • Basic tier • Courts of the armies, fleets, garrisons and military formations • Middle tier • Courts of the Branches, seven districts, anti-aircraft defense, navy, and individual armies • Disputes among military personnel • Military Prosecutor General’s Office in charge

  9. Arbitration Courts • Commercial Courts • Commercial disputes by legal persons • Four levels • The Supreme Arbitration Court • Disputes between Government and Commercial parties, Government and subjects, or two subjects • Federal District Arbitration Courts • Cassation only (review of the law) • Appellate Courts • Rehearing new evidence • Arbitration Courts of the Subjects: Most cases heard here

  10. Regional Courts • Constitutional (Charter) Courts • Article 27 allows these courts • Few actually set up • Independent of Russian Federation Courts • Same jurisdiction to hear cases

  11. The Intellectual Property Court • December 2011 laws enacted • Feb. 1st 2013 Courts must be set up • Originally heard in Civil Courts • Original Jurisdiction • Cases to challenge regulatory acts • Disputes concerning the grant or termination of legal protection for trademarks, inventions etc.

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