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Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxons. 500-1066. Timeline for Early Middle Ages, 500-1000. Germanic Invasions: 400-600 Fall of Western Empire: 476 Christianization of Barbarians Goths by 300s Franks by 500s Most Celts by 600s Anglo-Saxons by 700s Saxons by 900s Scandinavians by 1000s.

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Anglo-Saxons

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  1. Anglo-Saxons 500-1066

  2. Timeline for Early Middle Ages, 500-1000 • Germanic Invasions: 400-600 • Fall of Western Empire: 476 • Christianization of Barbarians • Goths by 300s • Franks by 500s • Most Celts by 600s • Anglo-Saxons by 700s • Saxons by 900s • Scandinavians by 1000s

  3. Hagiography promoted shared valesFaith = Loyalty to God

  4. What was the most significant impact of the barbarians’ conversion? • Increased Literacy • Political Unification • Saving their souls • Increasing the power of the Bishop of Rome • Something Else

  5. Beowulf

  6. According to Frank, how did the poet depict the characters in the poem? • Pagan but virtuous • Willing to thank a singular God at every opportunity • Willing to perform all the pagan rites known to Tacitus • All of the above • None of the above

  7. Christian Evangelism among the English 550-700 CE

  8. Synod of Whitby - 664

  9. Codex Amiatinusc. 700

  10. How did Christianity promote unifying tendencies? • By strengthening kingship • By creating a sense of community through rituals • By preserving common stories that preserved a shared view of the past • By reinforcing a common sets of values • All of the above

  11. Rituals &ProcessionsStrengthened Collective Identity

  12. Benedictine Monasticism included communal prayer

  13. The beating of the bounds was a medieval ritual that survived the Protestant Reformation

  14. St. John’s Eve Bonfire

  15. Hagiography promoted shared valesFaith = Loyalty to God

  16. Hope = BraverySt. Bonifaceconverts the continental Saxons c. 720

  17. Charity=HospitalitySt. Martin of Tours316-397 CE

  18. Archbishop Turpin in Song of Roland

  19. The Anglo-Saxonsc. 450-1066

  20. Timeline For Anglo-Saxon England 600: Kingdom of Kent converts to Christianity 664: Northumbria standardizes on Roman Christianity 700s: Mercia become dominant English Kingdom 870-900: Alfred the Great repels and defeats Vikings 950: Wessex becomes the single English monarchy 1016: Danish invasions produce Danish King of England 1066: The Norman Conquest

  21. Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms c. 700

  22. When Augustine’s scribes wrote the Laws of Aethelberht c. 600, the Anglo-Saxons had no one who could read them

  23. Charters

  24. Anglo-Saxon Charter

  25. What advantages did charters offer to kings? • They ensured that everyone could read. • They kept individuals and groups from taking land that was not theirs. • They provided a less violent pay to settle land disputes. • All of the above. • None of the above.

  26. Chirograph

  27. Tribal Hidage c. 700 • Hwinca syfan þusend hyda. 7,000 • Ciltern sætna feower þusend hyda. 4,000 • Hendrica þryu þusend hyda ond fif hund hyda. 3,500 • Unecungaga twelf hund hyda. 1,200 • Arosætna syx hund hyda. 600 • Bilmiga syx hund hyda. 600 • Widerigga eac swa. 600 • Eastwilla syx hund hyda 600 • Westwilla syx hund hyda 600 • East engle þrittig þusend hida 30,000 • Eastsexena syofon þusend hyda 7,000 • Cantwarena fiftene þusend hyda 15,000 • Suþsexena syufan þusend hyda 7,000 • Westsexena hund þusend hyda. 100,000

  28. By 700 the English had some of the most accomplished scholars in EuropeCodex Amiatinusc. 700

  29. In the 700s the Venerable Bede was an Anglo-Saxon historian who wrote about the seventh-century conversion of his people.

  30. Coins of Offa

  31. Viking Invasion were a constant threat to the English from 793-1066

  32. Viking Invasions of the British Isles actually encouraged political unification

  33. Alfred the Great was both a scholar and a military commanderr. 871-899

  34. Guthrum’s Peacec. 886

  35. The Burghal Clusters

  36. Early Shire Structureapprox. 30 shires. C. 950

  37. Royal Writ

  38. What advantages did writs offer to kings? • They reduced the likelihood of miscommunication • They appeared more authoritative than a simply oral communication • They could be read out loud so that a large group of people could hear the words of the king. • All of the above • None of the above

  39. Edgar the Peaceful ruled all of modern England and some of Scotland and Walesr. 959-975

  40. England survived invasions and inept kings, such as Aethelred the Unreadyr. 978-1016

  41. Cnut was a Viking who ruled England from 1016 until 1035

  42. The Norman Conquest

  43. The Norman Conquest1066

  44. Long-term Trends • Political unification • Development of Vernacular Literature • Conversion to Christianity • Cultural Fusion • Germanic & Christian • Tribal • Britons • Saxons • Danes • Normans

  45. Anglo-Saxons • Migrations • begin from Continent in 5th century • initiate battles with Britons • Originally adamant pagans • Converted through domestic proselytization • Augustine of Canterbury arrives 597 • Ethelbert of Kent and Queen Bertha • Establishment of Roman Christianity in Britain • eventual conflict with Irish Christianity

  46. Christianity and Literacy • Clerical literati • Written legal codes • Ethelbert c. 600 • Alfred c. 900 • Written charters • Formal wills and writs

  47. The Northumbrian Renaissancec.625- c.790 • Illuminated Manuscripts • Intellectual revival • Bede • Alcuin • Conversion • Mercia • Continental Saxons, including Frisia • Composition of Beowulf?

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