The Anglo-Saxons ____________

1. The Anglo-Saxons____________ (449-1066) Use your hand-out for this presentation Expect several quizzes.

2. The Anglo-Saxons ( ) 449-1066 • __________engulfed and consumed Anglo-Saxon life. • Stonehenge is a ____________________________ on Salisbury Plain in Whitshire, England. It was used by the __________for religious __________ having to do with lunar and solar cycles. • Several groups of people invaded and settled England. These include the Iberians, _______, Romans, _________, _________, Vikings, and Normans. Warfare collection of huge stones Druids rites Angles Celts Saxons

3. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • England has influenced several aspects of American (and other countries) lives: __________, __________, and _____. • The ______ left their permanent mark on England by one of the names England adopted. From them comes the name _______ which became _______. • _________ is the Celtic religion that literally means “spirit.” The Celts believed that spirits inhabited everything, controlling all aspects of their life and because of this, had to be kept satisfied. literature law language Celts Briton Britain Animism

4. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • The _______ were priests who acted as _____________ between the gods and the people. They performed ritual dances and ______________. • The writing of ______________ from England and _________________ from Ireland were both very influenced by Celtic mythology. • In the Celtic myths, the characters are often ______________ and the setting is more _________, full of sunlight, fantasy and magic. The Anglo-Saxon myths, on the other hand, have ____ as the main characters and the setting is more violent and full of darkness and ____ . intermediaries Druids human sacrifices Thomas Mallory William Butler Yeats strong women optimistic men war

5. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • The Roman ruler _____________ began a series of successful invasions against England. • The Roman ruler _________ led the last Roman invasion that finally fully conquered England. • _________ was a Briton (Celtic) queen who was flogged (beaten) by the Romans after they plundered her dead husband’s property. She led a successful fierce __________ against the Romans. Julius Caesar Claudius Boadicea retaliation

6. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Roman rule lasted several hundred years. During this time, the Romans controlled the ___________, increased trade into England by building ______, built ______________ that kept other invaders out, and built public baths and villas. Missionaries helped spread the religion of ___________ and the Celtic religion began to fade. The Romans provided a unified force of power in England. • However, in ____ A.D., the Romans evacuated England because of ________________ . government roads defensive walls Christianity 410 problems at home

7. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • This evacuation negatively impacted England. Since the Romans had controlled the government, when they left, so did the __________________. England became a country of separate _______ that fought for power. The result was ___________. England was ripe for invasions from other non-Christian people from the Germanic regions, especially from the ________, ______________________________ during the middle of the fifth century. central government weakness clans Angles Saxons and the Jutes (from Denmark)

8. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • These groups mingled and the dominant language became ___________ . • From these groups comes the name ___________which became “England.” • The Celts put up a strong resistance to these invaders before retreating into Wales. The Welsh chieftain ____________was most heroic and developed in legends as Britain’s “once and _________. .” Anglo-Saxon Anglaland King Arthur future King

9. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Anglo-Saxon England was not unified; instead, the country was divided into several “principalities,” each with its own _______. ___________________________________ was the Anglo-Saxon king who finally unified England. • ___________ helped King Alfred unify the Anglo-Saxons by providing a common ____ and common system of ________ and right ________. It linked England to ________. king King Alfred of Wessex (Alfred the Great) Christianity morality faith conduct Europe

10. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • The ______,from Denmark, were a fierce Viking people who invaded England next. The last conqueror of England was _____________________________________ in 1066 A.D. • Five features of Anglo-Saxon England: • Society developed from _______ groups led by a strong _____. • People began to have different occupations, such as running farms, maintaining local _____________, creating crafts (metalwork, for example). Danes William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) chief kinship governments

11. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Five features of Anglo-Saxon England continued: 3.___________ replaced the old warrior religion, linking ________ to Europe. 4.Monasteries became _________________ and preserved the works from older, ___ . 5. Written ________, not just the Church’s ______, gained respect as a written language. Christianity England centers of learning oral tradition. Latin English

12. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • During the Anglo-Saxon Period, women had rights that were sharply curtailed (cut back) after the Norman Conquest. Some of these rights included being able to inherit and hold _________ . • Christianity offered women the chance to join ___________________. They could become _________ in charge of large nunneries and even monasteries. • One of the most famous nuns was _____, abbess of Whitby. She accumulated an immense _______ and turned Whitby into a center of ________. property abbesses religious communities Hild library learning

13. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Archeologists found Sutton Hoo, an enormous __________. They found artifacts such as a warrior’s ______, his purse, ______, ______, buckle, serving vessels, a _____, and other decorated treasures of gold, bronze, and silver. • These valuable artifacts show that the Anglo-Saxon people did not live luxurious lives full of art but that they were not total __________. The three artifacts that exemplify this are the ____, _____, and ______________. • _________ still dominated the Anglo-Saxon life. grave ship sword helmet coins harp harp barbarians serving vessels coins Warfare

14. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • In Anglo-Saxon culture, law and order was the responsibility of the _______. The culture was set up in a hierarchy with the leader of the kingdom being in charge of the whole kingdom, then the ______, then the tribe and finally the ______. • Fame and success was gained through ______ to the leader, especially during war. • Warriors who were successful in battle were rewarded with ______ from the _______. • An average person might find it very frightening to have lived during the Anglo-Saxon time period because of the ______ of enemy-infested wilderness, the long, bone-chilling nights of _______. They lived close together for __________; this built close relationships and ____________ between leaders and followers. leader clan family loyalty gifts leader terror winter protection dependency

15. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Despite the influence of Christianity, the old Anglo-Saxon religion with its ____________ persisted. The adjective that best describes this religion that had come from Germany with the Anglo-Saxons is ________, meaning determined by ____. • This religion has much in common withthemythology of the ___________________. • The English name for the Norse god Odin is ______. The English name for the Norse god Thor is _______. warrior gods fatalistic fate Norse / Scandinavian Woden Thunor

16. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • From Odin comes Wednesday from ___________. Odin is the god of ______, ________, and magic. He helped humans communicate with the spirits. • From Thor comes Thursday from __________. Thor is the Norse god of ________ and __________. • Another significant figure in Anglo-Saxon mythology was the ________. • The dragon was viewed in two ways: as 1) __________ of treasure and guardian of the ____________ and 2) ______ the devourer. Woden’s Day death poetry Thor’s Day thunder lightening dragon protector gravemound death

17. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • On the whole, the religion of the Anglo-Saxons seems to be more concerned with worldly ______ rather than mysticism. • Some of these ethics include the earthly values of _______, ______, __________, and _________. • The Anglo-Saxon _____________ played a vital role in their society. It offered shelter, a place for council meetings, and a place for ____________. ethics bravery loyalty friendship generosity communal hall entertainment

18. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • Another name for a bard is the _____. This scop, a skilled _________, sang poems of _______________ , heroic tales that reflected the concerns of a people constantly under threat of ____, _______, and old age. • Anglo-Saxon society viewed this bard as just as important as _______, hunting, farming, or family. He was NOT _______ to warriors. • The bard or poet storyteller uses the ____. scop storyteller gods and heroes war disease inferior fighting harp

19. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) 47. For the non-Christian Anglo-Saxon, whose religion offered them no hope of an afterlife, _____ and its reverberation through ______ provided a defense against death. 48. Fame was preserved by the bards in the ________________ (culture) of the people. 49. Ireland was considered luckier than England and the rest of Europe in the fifth century because it was more _______, not overrun by Germanic ________. poetry fame collective memory isolated invaders

20. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • A Romanized Briton named _________ converted Celtic Ireland to Christianity in 432 A.D. He used the __________ to explain the holy trinity. • During this “Golden Age” because of Patricius, more people were converted to ___________, more ____________were created that became ___________ of learning for refugee ________ . • The bards offered the hope of being remembered forever in poetry. Christianity offered another hope, the hope of an _______. • In the monastery’s ___________, a scribe often encounters many difficulties, such as a ___________ , oil lamps that didn’t provide much light causing _____ strain, and the deafening _______. Patricuis shamrock Christianity monasteries sanctuaries scholars afterlife scriptorium sore back silence eye

21. The Anglo-Saxons (449-1066) • The language of learning and serious study up until the time of King Alfred was _____ . • King Alfred wrote the ______________________, a lengthy _______ of England, in ___________. • Partly because of King Alfred’s efforts, ___________ began to gain respect. Latin Anglo-Saxon Chronicles history Old English Old English