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Origins of Progressivism. Reformers wanted to solve the problems brought on by immigration, industrialization, and urbanization. Lost faith in voluntary reform USE THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT!!!. Problems exposed in the 1890’s. Corporate power / disparity of wealth
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Reformers wanted to solve the problems brought on by immigration, industrialization, and urbanization • Lost faith in voluntary reform • USE THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT!!!
Problems exposed in the 1890’s • Corporate power / disparity of wealth • Rebellious working class – socialists, anarchists • Condition of the cities • Political corruption • Racism / Prejudice / Jim Crow
Muckrakers • Exposed and dramatized the need for reform
Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities • Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives • Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Oil • Upton Sinclair – The Jungle • William Hard – “Making Steel, Killing Men”
Goals of Progressivism • Protect social welfare programs (programs for the poor and needy) • Promote moral improvement (prohibition) • Economic reform (socialism) • Efficiency in the workplace (assembly line)
Jane Addams • Hull House • Who benefited most from Hull House?
Issues of Female Progressives • Exploitation of female workers (and children) • Women’s suffrage • Feminism • Temperance • Immigration reform?????
Reforming the workplace • Frederick Taylor – Scientific management
Reforms in Government • City Councils • “Reform Mayors” • Robert La Follette • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Sr.
States begin to regulate more industries • Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. Oregon • Workman’s compensation
Increasing power of the citizens • Initiative/referendum • Recall • 17th Amendment • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election
Roles of Women • Rural Areas – Farm work • Cities • Domestics (servants) • Factory work • Clerical (white collar) work • Teachers, bookkeepers, stenographers
As businesses expanded new jobs opened to women which required more education l
Upper Class Women • Time to get involved in reform movements • Women’s colleges • Decline in marriage
Attempts to gain suffrage • State legislatures • Court challenges • Constitutional Amendment
Roosevelt’s Square Deal • 1901 – McKinley is assassinated • Teddy Roosevelt becomes youngest President (42)
Square Deal • Progressive reforms proposed by Roosevelt administration
Increased power of the Presidency • 1902 Coal Strike • “trust busting” • Railroad regulation
Legislation protecting citizens and the environment • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act • National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries • http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dalbook.html#intro
Civil Rights • Little progress
Progressivism under Taft • Although eligible, TR had vowed not to run for re-election in 1908 • TR selects and supports William Howard Taft