LGBT & Q Families

1. LGBT & Q Families Family Sociology

2. Social Change in YOUR Lifetime • Almost no area of family life is changing as fast as the legalization of same-sex marriage • In just the past few month three more states have struck down the ban on same-sex marriage in their state • Since January 2014, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Illinois • Map of same-sex marriage chronology - U.S. • Public opinion has been changing as well • 55% of those polls think same-sex marriage should be viewed as legally valid • Gallup Poll on same-sex marriage “Rapid changes in public opinion are also playing a part, said Andrew M. Koppelman, a law professor at Northwestern. “It is becoming increasingly clear to judges that if they rule against same-sex marriage their grandchildren will regard them as bigots,” he said.” • nytimes article on same-sex marriage gains

3. Same-sex marriage sweeping the nation… • Click on link and scroll down to map U.S. map of states by same-sex marriage status • http://www.nationaljournal.com/pictures-video/advocates-are-suing-for-same-sex-marriage-rights-in-every-state-20140613

4. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q • Sexual identity is a new concept • Medical model remained dominant until 1973 when homosexuality was listed as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association • Not surprisingly such a definition fueled discrimination and prejudice

5. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families The new discourse on gay families emerges from the same cultural trends that have led to the weakening of marriage as a social institution the growth of individualism the separation of sex from marriage

6. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • Sexuality has become more private ? Wasn’t it always private…in fact no • This has partially due to the passage of two supreme court rulings 1) Griswold vs. the State of Connecticut – 1965 • Ruling states that a state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives violated marital privacy by allowing police to search the “sacred precincts of marital bedrooms.”

7. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families 2) Eisenstadt vs. Baird - 1972 • Laws prohibiting the sale of contraceptives to unmarried persons is overturned • "it is the right of the individual, married or single, to be free from unwarranted governmental intrusion into matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the decision to whether to bear or beget a child."

8. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • So increased right to privacy for married couples and then non-married couples leads to greater acceptance of same-sex relationships • Increased right to privacy

9. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • First some definitions • The use of Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Gay & Queer (LGBT & Q) is meant as a way of referring to and being inclusive of many alternative sexual identities • The Q for Queer comes out of Queer Theory • Queer theory is a viewpoint that purposely chose the term “QUEER,” because until recently it was derogatory and negative • Queer theorists are attempting to challenge conventional understanding of sexuality and give homosexuality a positive spin

10. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • Lindsay Van Gelder describes marriage as a “restricted club” • Over time and across cultures there have always been restrictions on who could marry • It was only after the civil war that African-Americans were allowed to marry in all areas of the U.S • It was only after a U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1967 that mixed race couples could marry anywhere in the U.S.

11. Why do lesbian or gay partners want to get married?

12. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • Why do lesbian or gay partners want to get married? • Because there are real dollar and cents benefits to being married • Although we think about people getting married because they love each other, married couples also accrue legal and practical advantages as well.

13. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/03/your-money/03money.html?_r=2&hp

14. Practical and financial advantages available to married couples that are not available to domestic partners • Spouses can be designated as beneficiaries for insurance or pension plans • Spouses can purchase health insurance for each other through their employers • They can receive social security survivors benefits • They can give legal permission for their children to schools, doctors etc.

15. Practical and financial advantages available to married couples that are not available to domestic partners • They can adopt children together • They can be the next of kin for hospital visitation or in the event of death • If spouses divorce, they are both legally entitled to half the worth of the family • They can gain citizenship for their spouse through marriage • If a spouse dies, the surviving spouse is legally entitled to the inheritance (if not otherwise spec’d)

16. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • Several U.S states have legalized same-sex marriage • They can then gain some benefits • But in most states same-sex couples do not have all of the advantages that opposite-gender couples automatically acquire when they marry. • Same-sex marriage is legal in 19 states & Washington D.C • Same-sex marriage has the backing of prominent Pacific Northwest business including: Microsoft Corp, Nike Inc. and Starbucks

17. Same-sex marriage and civil unions by U.S. states • Roll your mouse over each state and you get a short history of legal issues on gay marriage • http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-gmtimeline-fl,0,5345296.htmlstory

18. Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) • In 1996 Defense of Marriage Act is enacted • Under the law -- same-sex couples whose marriage was legal in their home state were not eligible for thousands of dollars of federal benefits • Opposite-sex married couples receive tax breaks, social security etc. • Forced divorce? • http://vimeo.com/3089746 • Gay marriage was OVERTURNED so all people who were married were then unmarried under California law • Then on February 7, 2012 a higher court rules that it is UNCONSTITUTIONAL to ban same-sex marriage • Same-sex marriage now legal in CA

19. Gay Marriage in California? Yes or No? • The Defense of Marriage Act, DOMA • The law barring the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages legalized by the states, is rules unconstitutional by the Supreme Court 5-4 vote. • Same-sex marriage now legal in CA again • If you want to read more about this decision: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/26/supreme-court-doma-decision_n_3454811.html

20. Alternative Family FormsLBGT & Q Families • Meanwhile in New Jersey… • The New Jersey Assembly voted to approve same-sex marriage in NJ on Thursday, February 23, 2012 • NJ Governor Chris Christie has vowed to veto the bill – saying he believes it should be voted on as a referendum on the November ballot • On September 26 2013 a New Jersey judge says NJ must allow same-sex marriage • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/27/new-jersey-gay-marriage-_n_4004723.html

21. Research on same-sex families • Recently an article was published to examine whether having a gay parent leads to adverse outcomes for children • The authors concluded that growing up in same-sex families led to adverse consequences for example they were more likely to e unemployed or on public assistance • The article was severely criticized because the researcher made large generalizations from a small, non-representative sample • While 3,000 children of heterosexual parents were included, only a out 240 respondents were included who had a parent “who had ever been in a gay relationship” • The article did not study children who grew up in a gay family • It is hard to find national data on same-sex families -- only recently did the U.S. Census start counting same-sex families • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/12/gay-parents-study-kids-social-scientists_n_1589177.html

22. Summary • Summary • Sexual identity is a new concept • As sexuality became more private and as sex is separated from marriage – gay/lesbian families have emerged and gained more rights • Data on same-sex families is hard to find and interpret • Same-sex families are seeking the same dollar and cents benefits that accrue to married couple families and increasingly cohabiting partners • Same-sex marriage is becoming legal on a state-by-state basis – many states legalized it in past two years