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Chapter 3: Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion

Learn about vector algebra concepts in analyzing human motion. Understand kinetic and kinematic vector quantities and how to compose resultant vectors using tip-to-tail method. Discover vector resolution and graphic/trigonometric solutions for vector problems.

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Chapter 3: Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion

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  1. Chapter 3:Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Susan J. Hall Created by Molly Smith

  2. Vector Algebra • Scalar Quantity: an undirected magnitude; quantity is fully described by its magnitude. • Examples: mass, volume, density, length

  3. Vector Algebra • Vector Quantity: a directed magnitude; quantity that is represented by an arrow. Arrow has an arrowhead (direction) and length (magnitude. • Kinetic vector quantities : force, weight, pressure, specific weight & torque • Kinematic vector quantities: displacement, velocity & acceleration

  4. Vector Composition The composition of vectors with the same direction requires adding their magnitudes.

  5. Vector Composition The composition of vectors with the opposite directions requires subtracting their magnitudes

  6. Resultant vector Vector #2 Vector #1 Vector Composition • Resultant vector • “Tip-to-tail” vector composition

  7. Vector Composition The tip-to-tail method of vector composition.

  8. Vector Composition • Sum of three original vectors: R=A + B + C • Vector B starts at the end of vector A and vector C starts at the end of vector B • Resultant begins at tail of A and ends at head of C (-1, -6).

  9. Vector Composition • Sum of same three original vectors: R=B + A + C. • R always starts at the beginning of the first vector and terminates at the end of the last vector (-1, -6).

  10. Vector Composition • Sum of same three original vectors: R=C + B + A. • Note that in each case, regardless of order, R has the same rectangular form (-1, -6 ).

  11. Vector Resolution • What is vector resolution? • Operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector.

  12. Vector Resolution Vectors may be resolved into perpendicular components. The vector composition of each pair of components yields the original vector.

  13. Example: A ball is thrown into the air Vertical Horizontal Vector Resolution

  14. 1 cm = 10 N Graphic Solution of Vector Problems • Graphic vector manipulation may yield approximate result 30 N = 3 cm 35 N = 4.5 cm

  15. Trigonometric Solution of Vector Problems • A more accurate procedure for quantitatively dealing with vector problems hypotenuse opposite adjacent

  16. Trigonometric Vector Resolution Two rectangular components • One directed negative x-axis (adjacent to angle) • One directed positive y-axis (opposite to angle)

  17. Summary • This chapter introduced basic concepts related to kinetics • Vectors quantities have magnitude & direction • Vector problems may be solved by a graphic or a trigonometric approach.

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