Fashion

1. Fashion

2. Content • Comparing pictures • The origin of fashion • A brief outline of the fashion trends of the 20th century • What attitudes people have to fashion • Different factors that influence the choice of clothes • Typical men’s and women’s clothes • Materials, Patterns and colours • Design and cut • Footwear • Accessories, jewellery • Some general expressions • Questions for discussion • Worksheet • Writing

3. Look at the pictures and talk about which fashion you prefer and why. Give reasons for your choice

4. Do you know anything about theorigin of fashion? ?

5. The origin of fashion • Dressing has its own rich and interesting history. Each period has its own elements and other elementary kinds of style • In the past people wore practical clothes with the aim to protect themselves against cold, warm and rain • Beginning of the fashion (second half of the 19th century – start of the sewing machines) – aim was to emphasize the woman’s and man’s beauty, to reveal parts of the body, draw attention to hair, face. • Women dress themselves differently than men. Old people dress differently than young people or teenagers. Many people sympathize with known slogan which says: “Fine feathers make fine birds.”

6. Make a brief outline of the fashion trends of the 20th century. Describe the present fashion trends for young people. Do you know any famous fashion designer / trademarks ? ?

7. A brief outline of the fashion trends of the 20th century. • Before the first world war • Men: dark suits, short hair & moustaches. Women: long dresses & long hair; stiff corsets - uncomfortable • In the RoaringTwenties: dress & hair became much shorter; short skirts, Corsets disappeared. A straight figure with no waist or bust was fashionable. For men, trousers with very wide legs [ called Oxford bags ] came into fashion. • In the 1930s & 1940s hair, dresses & coats became longer again. Men wore a suit, a tie & usually a hat, too. Moustaches were less popular. • In the 1950s : For men this was the age of the “teddy boy” – long jackets in very bright colours, very tight trousers. For women – jumpers & blouses with wide skirts & short socks. Both: “winkle-picker” shoes – long pointed toes [ women: high heels ]. • The 1960s saw a revolution in clothes! Time of the mini-skirt * long boots; men = long hair! • In the late 1960s and early 1970s – hippy “flower-power” style was in. Women – loose maxi-dress; men – jeans, brightly coloured shirts / T-shirts, very long hair, men wore beards. • The 80s brought “punk” hairstyles & brightly coloured makeup. • 90s - army style

8. What is your attitude to fashion? • You can be indifferent ( do not care about the clothes), choosy, particular about what to wear, fashion can be a matter of the differentiation. • Clothes have an important social function. They also bring pleasure to millions of people. • They help to form geographical and historical boundaries.

9. Factors that influence the choice of clothes • Different factors which have influenced the styles of clothing, such as geography, climate, poverty and wealth have played their role. • The cheap manufacture of cloth and the invention of the sewing machine brought about a revolution. • Ready made clothes have become relatively cheap and now fashionable trends are imitated all over the world. On the other hand all of this resulted in a kind of uniformity. It is hard to tell the class, profession or even sex by the form of dress. • The way we dress depends on our taste, on the season and the proper occasion.

10. What clothes do people usually wear in summer/winter/spring?

11. Men’s and women’s garment • Summer: dress, skirt, blouse, a pair of shorts, T-shirt, jeans, cropped trousers, raincoat, Bermuda shorts, swimsuit, bathing costume, bikini, hat, sunglasses, • Winter: winter coat, fur coat, scarf, gloves/mittens, thick jumpers, cardigan, sweater, pullover, trousers, boots, hats, caps, ear muffs • Spring, Autumn: raincoat, anorak, jeans, shirts, cardigans, tracksuits, jumpers, jackets • summer clothing tends to be more colourful, not from thick material, something airy, easy to wear • winter clothing – is mostly from thick material, pastel colours are used • Men´s garment: shirts, suit, jacket, dinner jacket, waistcoat, vest, tie, trousers/pants, vest, long-johns, pyjama, track suit • Women´s garment: bra, twin-set, slip, top, night dress, tights, stockings, pants, dressing gown, evening/wedding gown

12. Make a list of differenta) materialsb)colours & patternsc) design & cutsd) accessories & jewellerye) footwear. Use the dictionary if necessary.

13. Natural materials, cotton, velvet, corduroy, denim, satin, muslin, linen, wool/woolen, silk, leather, suede, rubber, fur, man-made fabrics, nylon, acrylic, polyester, fur fabric, poly cotton Materials can be coarse, soft, transparent/see through material, flimsy (thin) Materials

14. Patterns and colours • Patterns • Printed, flowered, striped, checked, spotted, dotted, geometric, decent pattern, jazzy pattern (wild pattern), plain, non-iron, shrink resistant, washable, waterproof • Colour scheme • Bright/garish/ pastel, navy blue, canary yellow, khaki, purple, beige, yellowish, greenish, creamy, hazel, lime, dark, pale

15. Design and cut • Length: mini/ midi/ maxi • Line: classic/ straight/ A-line, • Waistline: natural, high, low • Neckline: with/without a collar/ round/pointed collar, high/low/oval/boat/stand-up/polo neck/ V-neck • Sleeves: with/without sleeves, short/long/ dropped/raglan sleeves, shoulder/batwing sleeves, sleeveless • Ornaments: hole, patchwork, pockets, strapless/ with straps, pleats, folds… Gucci

16. Footwear • Leather/suede/hand made shoes/boots, flat/lace-ups/ walking/heavy/ outdoor/ running/ sports shoes, trainers/sneakers, plimsolls – gym shoes, ski shoes • heel, high-/ flat-heeled shoes, sole, laces, low/medium/high heeled shoes, pumps, stiletto-heeled shoes, slippers, mules, sandals, clogs, ankle/knee/high boots, Wellingtons/ rubber boots, pull on/slip on

17. Accessories, jewellery

18. Some general expressions • To be in/out of fashion, become fashionable, look smart/elegant, be dressed up/in the latest/current fashion • linen/laundry, underwear, nightwear, sportswear, leisure wear, casual wear, knitwear • Ready-made clothes/made to measure clothes • Plain/casual/everyday/trendy/showy/stylish worn-out clothes • Grunge look, hip-hop look, ethnic look • Suit/fit/match/go with, loose/tight/close fitting • Second-hand clothes/shop, outlet – shop, sale/garage sale, needlework, alter/remake • Tailor’s, dressmaker’s, clothing/footwear industry

19. What type of clothing do you feel most comfortable in? What type of shoes do you like to wear? The most comfortable clothes for me are …… I also like to wear … For me (sandals/boots/trainers….) are the mostcomfortable footwear. I dislike wearing …e.g. Wellingtons/clogs .. Imagine you are going to the theatre. What would you wear? What do you wear when you work in the garden? Do you judge people according to what they wear? What does it mean: “Clothes make a man.” Do you think clothing is expensive? What are some ways to save money on clothes? As I see it, the cost of clothing is (high/reasonable/low) One can save money by (making one´s own clothes/shopping in second-hand stores/..) Would you like to wear a uniform at school? Why yes, why not? Are there any clothes you are not allowed to wear at school? Are there any colours that suits you better than others? Are there any colours that don´t suit you or that you dislike? The colours that suits me best are … because I have (eyes/hair/complexion..) A colour that doesn´t suit me at all is … Other colours I dislike are …. Is it important for you to have nice clothes? Does how we dress affect our success in life? When I dress nicely, I feel .. In certain situations, for example, … I like to wear Overall, I think that our clothes (don´t ) influence our success in life because … If we want to make a good impression, our clothes should be (clean/modest…) Do you look at fashions in magazines or on TV? What do you think of the latest fashions? I like/don´t like look at fashions (in magazines/on TV…) because …. In my opinion, today´s fashions are ….. I think that it´s more important to (look good/feel comfortable/…) than to follow the latest fashion. I´m not interested in following fashions because … Discuss with a partner

20. Worksheet 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE Look at these lists of clothes. Answer the questions: 1 Which one is likely to cost the least? a) a party frock b) an evening dress c) a wedding dress 2 Which one wouldn’t you wear at a posh dinner? a) a tuxedo b) a dinner jacket c) a blazer d) a leather jacket 3 Which would you take with you on a summer evening, in case it gets cold? a) a cardigan b) a polo-neck jumper c) a sweater d) a pullover 4 Which would a business woman be most likely to wear? a) a mini skirt b) a kilt c) a tutu d) a pleated skirt 5 Which would a boy wear in bed? a) a nightie b) pyjamas c) a nightgown 6 Which might you wear in a gym? a) flares b) a pair of trousers c) designer jeans d) tracksuit bottoms 7 Which would you be unlikely to put on as soon as you get up? a) a bath robe b) a dressing gown c) a raincoat d) underwear

21. 2. MATCH THE WORDS Match the list of words in columns A and C to the correct heading in column B, as shown in the example: A B C heel sole toe laces polish shirt silk scarf earrings gloves handbag trousers hat bra stockings knickers jacket suspender belt tights collar cuff accessories buttons crease cufflinks sleeve lingerie lapel pocket lining buttonhole shoes seam belt zip buckle flares turn-ups braces

22. 3. READ AND MATCHWhich of the words in the list below would you use to describe the dress sense of the people described in a – e: fashionable smart casual over-dressed flamboyant trendy stylish elegant scruffy a. Claire is eighteen. She lives to shop. She spends ages going round shops buying clothes – not just high street shops, but second hand shops too. She likes people to notice what she’s wearing at parties and clubs, no matter whether she’s wearing the latest fashion or something she’s created herself. b. As she walked down the stairs in the Yves St Laurent evening dress, everybody turned to look at her. She looked like a princess. c. Working in the City, as I do, it is important to make the right impression on clients. I buy my suits from Saville Row and my ties are specially imported from Italy. d. Fifi la Roux wore the most outrageous costume you have ever seen. Gold-coloured high-heeled boots, silver flares and a tuxedo covered in glitter. It was an amazing sight, but then it was his fiftieth birthday! e. At weekends, I tend to wear an old t-shirt and a pair of baggy jeans with holes in them.

23. 4. CLOTHES AND IDIOMSThere are many idioms in English connected to clothes. Match the idioms in italics with their definitions from the table below: a. If we are going to finish all these dishes, we are going to have to roll up our sleeves and get going. b. If you don’t button your lip you’re going to get into trouble. c. After living on the street for six months, he looked very down at heel. d. He’s amazing. He made that speech off the cuff – no notes or anything! e. John was drunk and kept saying stupid things at the dinner table. I could see his wife was getting very hot under the collar. I thought she was going to shout at him. f. Sally refuses to toe the line. Every time I tell her to do something, she just walks off. g. Don’t worry. It’ll be OK. Every cloud has a silver lining. Definitions:

24. 5. FILL THE GAPSComplete the text with the verbs below, using the correct tense: dye snap darn fray wear out shrink tear My washing machine has broken, so my brother did my washing for me last week. It was a nightmare. He ____________my favourite pullover. It’s now two sizes too small. He ____________ all my white shirts blue. The sleeve of my jacket is __________ – I’ll have to sew it up. There are holes in all my socks – I’ll have to __________ them. The collars and cuffs of my best shirt are ___________ at the edges – there are threads of cotton hanging from them. And the zip on my new jeans has ___________. Now that my old jeans have __________ too, and I’ve had to throw them away, I’ve got no trousers to wear. I’m going to kill my brother when I see him!

25. 6. CLOTHES AND FASHION DICTIONARY QUIZ • What’s the difference between a clothes lineand a clothes horse ? • What do you use a clothes pegfor? • What does a plain clothespoliceman not wear? • What do you put in a clothes basket ? • How is clothingdifferent from clothes? • If you are a fashion victim, is it a good thing or a bad thing? • If you repeat something parrot-fashion, what does it mean? • What does a fashion housedo? • What’s the opposite of come into fashion ? • What does after a fashionmean? • What does the verb to fashionmean?

26. Writing • Write a short article (150 words) in answer to the following question: „ Is it fair to judge people by their appearance and clothes?“ Do not forget to give a title. Use an informal style.

27. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Mgr. Ľuboslava Vašková