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A Cell Review

A Cell Review. Brought to you by your local expert: Mr. Hachtman. The Animal Cell. Cell Membrane. Thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell Function : Controls what goes into and out of the cell Composition: 2 layers (bilayer) of lipids Also consists of proteins and carbohydrates

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A Cell Review

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  1. A Cell Review Brought to you by your local expert: Mr. Hachtman

  2. The Animal Cell

  3. Cell Membrane • Thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell • Function: Controls what goes into and out of the cell • Composition: • 2 layers (bilayer) of lipids • Also consists of proteins and carbohydrates • Analogy: Security at a football game

  4. Cytoplasm • The “gooey stuff” inside the cell membrane • “Bathes” the organelles • Analogy: Swimming pool holding a bunch of kids (green water!)

  5. What exactly is an organelle? • An organelle is defined as a part of a cell that performs important cellular functions • Types of organelles found in animals: • Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Centrioles, and Golgi Apparatus • Number of a certain type of organelle within a single cell can vary greatly

  6. Organelles: The Nucleus • Contains chromosomes (DNA) - DNA codes for protein - Making proteins = one of the largest jobs of the cell • Function: Control center of the cell (controls cellular processes) • Surrounded by a nuclearenvelope: Controls what goes into and out of nucleus (Nuclear pores) • Consists of 2 membranes • Contains nucleolus - Involved in making ribosomes • Nucleoplasm - Gooey sap inside the nucleus

  7. Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Assembles and transports components of the cell membrane Two types: 1) Rough ER - Contains ribosomes - Modify proteins 2) Smooth ER - Lack ribosomes - Synthesize lipids

  8. Ribosomes • Function: Site where proteins are assembled DNA -> RNA -> Protein • Two Types • Attached ribosomes: On the ER • Free ribosomes: Floating in the cytoplasm

  9. Mitochondria - Think of Mr. H • Function: Produce energy for the cell • Appearance: Two separate membranes • Outer membrane • Inner membrane - Highly folded • Cristae: Area inside of mitochondria Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria: Glucose -> Energy

  10. Golgi Appartus • Function: Package and ship proteins from the ribosomes • Analogy: UPS • Attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

  11. Vacuoles and Lysosomes • Vacuole • Function: Stores food, water, and waste for the cell • Analogy: Toilet that you forget to flush • Lysosome • Function: Gets rid of waste • Analogy: Toilet that is flushed • Contains enzymes • “SuicideSacs” - Destroys organelles that are too old and also destroys cell when too old

  12. The Plant Cell

  13. Three differences between plant and animal cells • Plant cells have: • Chloroplasts (and other plastids) • Cell wall • Large central vacuole (animals have many small vacuoles)

  14. Chloroplasts • Involved in Photosynthesis • Turn sunlight into glucose • Composition: • 2 membranes • Grana contain chlorophyll (green pigment in plant that absorbs sunlight)

  15. Cell Wall • Found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria • Lies outside the cell membrane • Function: Provides support and protection for plant cell • Composition: Made of cellulose (carbohydrate) and proteins

  16. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic • True Nucleus • Examples: • Plants, Animals, Fungus, Protists • No True nucleus • Examples: • Bacteria The Meaning of Words Kary: Nucleus Eu: True Pro: Without

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