Periodically verify your GPS position using other methods . Use Aids to navigation as waypoints . Stay alert for GPS ma

2. GPS Tips Periodically verify your GPS position using other methods. Use Aids to navigation as waypoints. Stay alert for GPS malfunctions.

3. Always validate satellite performance before using your GPS set for navigation.

4. A waypoint (WPT or WP) is a designated location with geographic coordinates – Latitude and Longitude.

5. GPS Tips Place waypoints on the exact location of an Aid to Navigation. The odds are that it won’t Actually be there due to its Watch circle.

6. GPS Tips • Use a minimum • number of characters to • define a waypoint. • Maintain an EXCEL list of • waypoints for reference.

7. Waypoints do not have to be located in the water. Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to avoid and areas to visit. GPS Tips

8. Waypoints are used extensively in GPS navigation or Routes: As boundaries between voyage segments, called LEGS. To mark turning points, destinations, and aids to navigation. To mark hazards to navigation.

9. Use a simple numbering system. Do not finalize your waypoint position on top of the Aid.Risk of collision! Validate every waypoint before using it as a permanent waypoint in a route. Verifying your planned positions as a waypoint WPT 4 WPT 3 WPT 2 WPT 1

10. Verifying your Waypoint Press the “Mark” button Brings up Waypoint Screen

11. Mark the boundaries between legs. Waypoint Use Rock WPT 4 WPT 3 WPT 2 WPT 1

13. Always pre-plot all waypoints on a nautical chart and measure the distance and bearing between waypoints. Verify on your chart that the trip legs are planned in safe water. Record the data on a Trip Log.

14. Select waypoints that can be easily verified by other methods--visual fixes, soundings, radar, etc. NEVER rely on one means of navigation.

15. GPS 76 & Meridian Map Screen

16. DIRECTIONAL SCREEN Destination Waypoint Bearing to Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Pointer to Waypoint Speed over ground Course over ground User selectable field

17. GPS 76 & Meridian Screen

18. Highway Screen Distance to Waypoint Bearing to Waypoint Speed over ground Destination Waypoint CDI scale Course over ground User selectable field

19. GPS 76 & Meridian Highway Screen

20. GPS Position Page Time

21. NAVIGATING WITH WAYPOINTS

22. Identify waypoint locations or the direction & distance between them. Using GPSto Navigate

23. Plan a series of waypoints. Check for obstacles between them—shoals, rocks, islands. Check 1/4 mile either side of your planned course for obstacles. Using GPSto Navigate

24. GOTO Navigation • Used by any boat in open water to navigate to a single waypoint. • Useful functions: • Range and Bearing • Speed of Approach • Turn

25. Range and Bearing • The distance and direction to a waypoint. • Probably the most useful of all navigation functions. • Know your units: true vs. magnetic, statute vs. nautical 3.2 NM, 030°

26. Course To Steer gets you back to the course line at a 45° intercept to try to keep you out of trouble Desired Course Line CTS Bearing Third Reef Course To Steer

27. WP 3 TR 225 D 2.4 WP 2 TR 224 D 3.1 WP 1 ANIMATION

28. Check your location periodically so that you will have a last known position in the event of GPS receiver failure. Always plot your trips on a nautical chart. I use MAPTECH. Always prepare a Trip Log. Plotting GPS Positions

29. NEVER rely on any one means of navigation. GPS Tips

30. Use hand-held GPS units as backups to ship-mounted units. Carry extra batteries Always use conventional paper charts with your GPS. GPS Tips

31. Practice use of GPS during ideal conditions to ensure familiarity with controls and procedures. Keep the GPS Operation Manual aboard and read it carefully to master the essential features of your GPS--there may not be time to do this in an emergency. Be patient but consistent. GPS Tips

32. WPT 02 • It is important to check your chart before establishing WPTs. • If the course crosses an island, the GPS receiver will direct you to navigate into this hazard. WPT 01

33. Why create a route? • Routes are lists of sequential waypoints. • GPS can automatically advance you to the next waypoint. • Routes can be reversed to retrace your original track. • Routes keep you from wandering into danger and shorten distance traveled WP 4 WP 3 WP 2 WP 1

34. WP 4 Editing Routes • GPS receivers should allow you to delete, move, or append waypoints. • In this case: • WPT 2 has been deleted. • WPT 3 has been moved. • WPT 4 has been appended. WPT 3 WPT 2 WPT 3 WPT 2 WPT 1

35. ROUTE Navigation WPT 2 • Used by boats under power when they have to stay in a channel or follow an exact course line • Useful functions: • Cross Track Error (XTE) • Course To Steer (CRS) • Time To Go (TTG) • Automatic course change at next waypoint (WPT) • Total distance to end of route (DTG) • Total time to end of route. WPT 1

36. Danger Bearings

37. BEARING with DANGER TO STARBOARD 120

38. BEARING with DANGER TO THE RIGHT NLT or NMT 120??? 005

39. BEARING with DANGER TO THE RIGHT NLT or NMT 120??? BEARING FROM BOAT TO ATON IS LESS THAN DANGER BEARING - DANGER

40. BEARING with DANGER TO STARBOARD NLT 120 BEARING FROM BOAT TO ATON IS MORE THAN DANGER BEARING - OK

41. BEARING with DANGER TO PORT 240 007

42. BEARING with DANGER TO THE LEFT NLT OR NMT 240???

43. BEARING with DANGER TO THE LEFT NLT OR NMT 240??? BEARING FROM BOAT TO ATON IS MORE THAN DANGER BEARING -DANGER

44. BEARING with DANGER TO THE LEFT NMT 240 BEARING FROM BOAT TO ATON IS NO MORE THAN DANGER BEARING -OK