Drawing Inferences: What does this story tell you about Jackson and Bean?

1. Drawing Inferences: What does this story tell you about Jackson and Bean? “During the 1828 election campaign, many stories about Andrew Jackson spread. One recalled his days as a judge in Tennessee. A frontiersman named Russell Bean who was to appear before Jackson’s court for cutting off the ear of one of his children refused to come inside. Jackson came roaring out of the courthouse. ‘Surrender, you infernal villain,’ he shouted, ‘or I’ll blow you through.’ Bean looked into Jackson’s blazing eyes and quietly surrendered. The iron will that made Russell Bean surrender also made Jackson a powerful President.” American Nation Ch. 12 Sect. 2 Setting the Scene

2. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845 Adapted from Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

4. Jackson's First Presidential Run

5. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] William H. Crawford[GA]

6. Results of the 1824 Election No Majority won the popular Vote House of Reps must decide

7. A“Corrupt Bargain?” • Clay said he could get Adams the votes he needed if Adams would make him Sec. of State. • John Quincy Adams made a deal with Henry Clay to steal the election from Jackson.

8. John Quincy Adams6th President of U.S • Adams’s deal with Clay cast a dark shadow over his administration. He was not trusted. • Just like his dad, John Adams, Johnny.Q. only served 1 term as pres.

9. Bell Assignment • Why were southerners against tariffs? (365) • In the event called the Corrupt Bargain, what did John Q. Adams and Henry Clay do? (353-4)

10. Jackson's Early Life

11. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars • He went from being a member of a poor farm family to being a war hero to becoming the president of the United States. • Nicknamed “Old Hickory” by his militia during the War of 1812 because he was as tough as an old hickory stick

12. What symbols does the cartoonist use to suggest royalty? What symbols are used to represent the U.S.? What is King Andrew stepping on? What is the cartoonist inferring by this? What did Andrew Jackson veto that many people thought he should not have? What does the cartoonist want readers to think of President Jackson?

13. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

14. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c Who could vote in the early 1800’s?

15. Why Increased Democratization? White male suffrage[the right to vote] increased (That means farmers, factory workers could now vote. Men no longer had to own property) African Americans, Native Americans and women still could not vote

16. Politics • Expanded the vote to more white males • Corrupt Bargain – robbed Jackson of the election of 1824 • Democratic Party – started by Jackson for ordinary man- farmers, workers, etc • Spoils System – reward friends with gov’t jobs.

17. What were the key issues in 1828?

18. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privileged (born rich). • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” Created the Democratic Party • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

19. New Campaign Styles: buttons, posters, rallies and barbeques The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

20. The Reign of “King Mob” How was Jackson’s inauguration different from earlier inaugurations?

21. Increased Democratization? • Spoils system replaced gov’t workers with ordinary citizens. Jackson rewarded his supporters with Gov’t Jobs. • Created the Kitchen Cabinet – • He did not trust the official White House Cabinet (full of rich Easterners) • He met with his trusted friends and supporters in the kitchen at the White House. They gave him advice

22. The Tariff Issue

23. Define the following and use the word in a sentence. • States’ rights • Secede Many Southerners believed that states’ powers were independent of the national government and that states have final say over the federal government. This would mean the states can nullify federal law. To withdraw or leave the Union of the U.S. and create your own country or join a new one.

24. The Nullification Crisis

25. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1828 -->“Tariff of Abomination” (Hated) Southerners felt that the tariff only helped the northeast, they would have to pay more cotton for their products from Europe. • State’s Rights – a view held by many Southerners that states were sovereign and had rights independent from the federal government.

26. 1830 Webster: (In response to Robert Hayne’s speech that states have more rights)Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.

27. Nullification Crisis! South Carolina’s reaction: • Many Southerners, led by John C. Calhoun, believed that the states have a right to nullify any federal law they think hurts their state or region. • Created the Nullification Act (a law that gives them the power to nullify) • South Shouldsecede (leave the Union) if Jackson does not let them nullify the tariff.

28. Jackson’s response • Congress passed the Force Bill which allowed the president to use military force to protect laws of congress. • Jackson’s actions saved the Union for now. South Carolina backed down talk of wanting to secede (secession)

29. “Destruction of the Snake”

30. Jackson's Native-American Policy

31. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

32. Indian Removal Act • President Andrew Jackson supported the Indian Removal Act. This law would pay Indians to relocate to lands west of the Mississippi River. (Indian Territory) • Worcester v. GA(1832)- Cherokee sued to stay on their lands. The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee have a right to stay. BUT. . . . • Jackson: Ignored the Court Ruling. He said, “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

33. Indian Removal

34. Indian Removal In 1834 Congress created the Indian Territory(a region in present-day Oklahoma) to move the Native Americans. General Winfield Scott and an army of 7,000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee and threatened force if they did not leave. The long, forced march of the Cherokee west by the U.S. troops is known as the Trail of Tears, the trail along which they cried. More than a quarter of the Cherokee died on the march to Indian Territory.

35. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

36. Renewing the Charter of the 2nd National Bank

37. Jackson and the National Bank • He attacked the bank for only helping the wealthy, well-educated northerners. He felt the “common” people had no control. • He also felt the bank was not constitutional and should be closed.

38. The National Bank Debate Is the U.S. Bank Constitutional? Henry clay and Daniel Webster saw the Bank issue as the way to defeat Jackson in the 1832 election and they tried to make Jackson out as a king who was not listening to the needs of the American people.

39. 1832 Election Results Most common people agreed with Jackson that the bank only benefited the wealthy class. Jackson wins a 2nd term as pres.

40. The “Monster” bank Is Destroyed! • 1832 1. Jackson vetoed the charter of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 2. Jackson took out all gov’t money from the bank and placed it in smaller state banks called “pet” banks. • 1836 the charter expired. • 1841 the bank went bankrupt! Had to close. • There was a Downside to closing the bank. . .

41. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

42. Democratic-Republicans National Republicans (1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) Democratic Party (1828) Rise of Modern Two Party System Why was the Whig Party Created? What groups joined it? Created by people who hated Jackson and wanted to end his power. The Rich northerners, those who thought Jackson was making the government too strong.

43. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]

44. Activity: Read Pg. 370“Martin Van Buren and Hard Times” • What were the causes of the Panic of 1837? • What happened across the U.S. at this time?

45. Banknotes lose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

46. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly! How did the Panic of 1837 effect the economy of the nation?

47. William Henry Harrison • How was his campaign similar to Jackson’s? Pg. 371) The Log Cabin Was an Effective Symbol in 1840. Library of Congress

48. John Tyler becomes Pres. How did Tyler get the nickname “His Accidency”? Dubbed "His Accidency" by those who did not like him, John Tyler was the first Vice President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Greatest accomplishment: Annexing Texas into the U.S. http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jt10.html

49. Use the picture and the information in your notes to answer the following. • Jackson is fighting a many-headed monster. What does the monster represent? • The monster Jackson is slaying is the Bank of the U.S. The many heads of the bank are the presidents and the directors of the bank. From your reading, explain why Jackson and his supporters had strong feelings against the bank and saw it as a danger. • Jackson is slaying the bank with a “Veto” stick. He used this veto power frequently against Congress. Why do you think he distrusted Congress so much? (Hint: Think about who controlled the Bank of the U.S.)

50. Country men, farmers, gentlemen, mounted and dismounted, boys, women, and children, black and white. Carriages, wagons, and carts all pursuing [Jackson] to the President’s house. --Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society • Based on the excerpt, you might conclude that __. • Jackson’s supporters were a diverse group of people • Jackson was unpopular among common people • Most of Jackson’s supporters were aristocrats and plantation owners • Which constitutional principle did Jackson demonstrate by vetoing the charter of the U.S. Bank? • Popular sovereignty • Checks and Balances • Separation of Powers