Unit 17 Table 5 Period 2

1. Unit 17 Table 5 Period 2 Cayla Wyvill, Sam Harlow, Jaren Ferguson, Robbie Hudson, Erika Lynn.

2. W.W.K We will know how the use of energy, rocks, and minerals affect the earth

3. Solar Energy • Solar energy is a renewable energy resource that comes from the sun • Many other renewable energy resources such as water, and wind are replacing fossil fuels

4. Energy Resources • Wind • Water • geothermal energy • Solar energy • Fossil fuels • Nuclear power

5. Fossil Fuels • We use minerals such as coal to power our various factories and cities. • The burning of fossil fuels is harmful to the atmosphere: it increases the concentration of CO2 in the air • There are 3 different types of fossil fuels which are coal, oil, and natural gas.

6. Minerals • We take different minerals out of the earth for various purposes • For example, we use lead, nickel, cadmium, or lithium to create batteries for our cell phones, cars, etc.

7. Rocks The Rock Cycle

8. K.S • What are 3 different types of Energy Resources

9. Video • http://www.schooltube.com/video/503ca205aae459f47494/

10. WWK: how humans impact the earth’s subsystems by methods of population growth, fossil fuel burning, and use of fresh water.

11. Population Growth • Studies have shown that population growth is having a huge impact on earth’s supplies and environment. • Since the population of the human race is increasing rapidly, many countries are resorting to Deforestation, or the clearing of forests. • Most developed economies currently consume resources much faster than they can regenerate. • Due to the increase in factories to produce new goods to build cities, pollution is contaminating the air and water supply, which is killing millions of people each year. Mainly in developing countries. • Because of all these problems, we are using more supplies than we are provided.

12. Fossil Fuels • Humans use fossil fuels to basically run all of the inventions there are today. • Fossil fuels is any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of former life. • Burning coal, petroleum and other fossil fuels at extremely high temperatures (combustion) is the primary means by which electricity is produced, but also leads to heavy concentrations of pollutants in our air and water. • More than 2.5 million metric tons of carbon is produced by power plants • The U.S. consumes more than 20 million barrels of oil per day, with more than one million tons of coal consumed annually as well.

13. Fresh Water • Humans use fresh water on a daily basis basically because it is a necessity to living. • 1% of the world's fresh water (~0.007% of all water on earth) is accessible for direct human uses. • This is the water found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and those underground sources that are shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. • The population is growing rapidly, putting more pressure on our water supply (demand is increasing). • The amount of water is effectively reduced by pollution and contamination (supply is decreasing). • Due to the use of fresh water in some areas, such as Florida, sinkholes, or a hole formed in soluble rock by the action of water, has caused many problems and thousands of damages to homes and cities.

14. Vocabulary Review • Deforestation- the clearing of forests due to expansion. • Fossil Fuel- any combustible organic material such as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of former life. • Sinkhole- hole formed in soluble rock by the action of fresh water.

15. Humans effect on earth

16. KS. • What 3 things do humans use that impact earth’s subsystems?

17. WWK • We will know the carbon cycle, how it exists in the five subsystems, and how it affects life on earth.

18. Carbon • Carbon is a nonmetallic element found mostly in coal, petroleum, and limestone. • It makes up 0.04% of the Earth’s atmosphere.

19. The Carbon Cycle • The cyclical system in which carbon travels through Earth’s subsystems is the carbon cycle.

20. The Five Subsystems and Carbon • In order to understand how carbon/carbon dioxide exists in the subsystems, we have to know about the subsystems. • A subsystem is a part of Earth’s entire ecosystem.

21. The Subsystems • 1. Atmosphere – air • 2. Biosphere – “zone of life” on earth • 3. Lithosphere – outer solid part of earth (crust) • 4. Cryosphere – frozen parts of earth (glaciers, etc.) • 5. Hydrosphere – water on earth (oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.)

22. Carbon in the Subsystems • In the atmosphere, carbon exists in its gas form, Carbon Dioxide. • In the biosphere carbon is in its gas form in plants and in decomposing organic things. • Carbon is in its solid state in the lithosphere. It is stored in coal and rocks like limestone. • Carbon is stored in the ice of the cryosphere in its gas form. • In the hydrosphere, carbon is dissolved out of its gas form to make HCO3, its liquid form.

23. How Carbon Affects Life • Carbon affects life by providing us with fuels such as coal, petroleum, and other fossil fuels. • We also breathe it out into the air where it is then changed into oxygen by plants.

24. Global Warming and Carbon • When fossil fuels like coal are burned, carbon is sent into the atmosphere. Once there, the carbon reacts with oxygen. This forms carbon dioxide which traps the Earth’s heat in the atmosphere.

25. K.S. • How does carbon exist in the atmosphere?

26. Carbon Dioxide & Global Warming By: Robby Hudson Period 2 Mr. Fabel

27. Teaching Points • The history and trends of CO2 in the atmosphere • The relationship between the global temperature and CO2 levels. • How CO2 affects global warming • The contributing factors of CO2 • How scientists study the relationship between CO2 and temperature. WWK: We will know how CO2 has contributed to global warming; moreover, we will also know how scientists study its history.

28. Svante Arrhenius • 1895- Arrhenius presents his work suggesting that an increase in atmospheric CO2 levels could cause a rise in global temperature. • Many people debated this issue during the early 20th century. • Although Arrhenius supported global warming, he was more concerned about explaining what caused the ice ages. The History and Trends of CO2

29. Charles David Keeling created and updated the Keeling Curve, a graph that shows the measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere at any given time since 1958. The Mauna Loa Observatory, a climate change research facility in Hawaii, records and measures levels of CO2 in the air Temperature and CO2

30. Carbon dioxide, along with other gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, traps the sun’s radiation in the atmosphere creating the green house effect. • CO2 makes up 84% of all green house gases in the atmosphere. • The burning of fossil fuels increases the rate at which CO2 is put into the air reservoir ;therefore, the Earth’s temperature will rise. CO2 and Global Warming

31. For many years, humans have significantly increased the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, materials such as coal that release carbon dioxide when used for energy. • Other natural processes like volcanic eruptions also contribute to the addition of carbon dioxide. The Contributing factors of CO2

32. Scientists study the history of CO2 levels through Paleoclimatology, the study of climate prior to the widespread availability of temperature records and other data. Scientist gather data from… • Corals • Fossil pollen • Tree rings • Ocean and lake sediments • Ice cores By analyzing ice cores, cylinders of glacier ice used to study climate change, scientists are able to estimate CO2 levels from the past. The study of CO2

33. Keeling Curve- a graph that shows the measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere at any given time since 1958. • Fossil Fuels- materials such as coal that release carbon dioxide when used for energy. • Paleoclimatology- the study of climate prior to the widespread availability of temperature records and other data. • Ice Cores- cylinders of glacier ice used to study climate change. Just in case you missed them…

34. What are three sources paleoclimatologists gather data from? K.S.

35. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjTsj-fi-p0 • Studying ice cores in Antarctica | Natural History Museum VIDEO!

36. W.W.K: The impact of changes Earth’s natural disasters has on humans and the subsystems.

37. Hurricanes: • The high tides and churned- up water in a hurricane cause damage, and sometimes deaths. • Hurricanes that stay out at sea can cause such high waves, powerful winds, and heavy rain that even huge cargo ships can be blown off course or wrecked. • The winds arrive first they bring lots of rain. It can collapse, causing damage to surrounding buildings as well as hurting or killing people. • Strong winds can blow roofs off buildings, tear down trees and power lines, causing no means of communication. • Flooding and mudslides are also problems farther inland because hurricane rains spread over such a wide area.

38. Earthquakes: • Earthquakes happen mainly along the “Ring Of Fire, ” an area where the fault lines meet. • Buildings can collapse, causing damage to surrounding buildings as well as hurting or killing people. • Building collapses are the main cause of fatalities during and after an earthquake as the shaking ground rarely causes any deaths in and of itself. • Major earthquakes damage structures that may lead to death while small earthquakes can barely felt. • Earthquakes amplify the natural movements of these bodies, allowing geologists to further their understanding of the planetary layers that cannot be seen.

39. Tsunamis: • Tsunamis are the result of earthquakes and can be one of the most deadly results of such a geological disturbance. • Tsunamis are large waves that are created when an earthquake occurs out at sea. • The plates shift and the motion causes a huge wave that builds up momentum and size as it reaches land masses. • These huge waves, as high as 100 feet can take out buildings, structures and cause destruction for miles. • Many people have become homeless or have lost family and friends in the furious floods of tsunamis.

40. Storm Surges and Floods: • In confined harbors, the combination of storm surges, waves, and currents can also severely damage marinas and boats. • In estuaries and bayous, salt water intrusion endangers the public health, kills vegetation. • It can also send animals, such as snakes and alligators, fleeing from flooded areas into high places where humans are. • Additionally, currents created by tides combine with the waves to severely erode beaches and coastal highways. • Buildings that survive hurricane winds can be damaged if their foundations are undermined and weakened by erosion.

41. Volcanic Eruptions: • If the ash fall is really heavy it can make it impossible to breathe. • Volcanic ash can blanket the landscape for miles, and ash clouds can disrupt aircraft travel. • Lava flows are almost always too slow to run over people, but they can certainly run over houses, roads, and any other structures. • Sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are released in small amounts up into the atmosphere cooling the Earth’s temperature. • One good effect that volcanoes have on the environment is that they provide nutrients to the surrounding soil.

42. Vocabulary Review: • Ring of Fire: area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific ocean • Volcanic Eruption: the sudden occurrence of a violent release of steam and volcanic material. • Storm Surge: is produced by water being pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds moving cyclonically around the storm.

43. Vocabulary Pictures: Ring Of Fire Volcanic Eruption Storm Surge

44. K.S: • What causes Tsunamis?

45. Video!! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceym2c18OQM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w60q8PpG18o • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=qh4jIvDF8qw&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=ihN1qYVhka4&NR=1