Unit 16 period 5 Table 6

1. Unit 16period 5Table 6

2. WWK: How fossil fuels are formed from prehistoric life and it’s decay, as it changes into material and how oil and coal are formed from fossil fuels.

3. Prehistoric Life Prehistoric: pertaining to the time or period prior to recorded history 3000 million years ago on the Earth, landmasses were just forming, swamps were everywhere, the average climate was warmer, prehistoric plant-life grew everywhere, and strange unfamiliar animals roamed the land and sea

4. Prehistoric Decay Decomposition: to rot into separate parts or resolve into constituent parts or elements When prehistoric life decayed and decomposed millions of years ago it became buried deep under the Earth’s surface. Covered by layers and layers of rock, sand, and mud, the decay is subjected to enormous amounts of heat and pressure.

5. Decay to Material Compression: to press together into a solid mass When the decay is compressed under the Earth, it becomes organic material creating fossil fuels. Elements such as which plant’s and animal’s decay is present, the conditions of pressure and temperature present when decomposing, and how long the material has been buried, determine the type of fossil fuel the decay will become.

6. Oil from Ancient Seas Water organisms that have been buried under ocean and river sediments can become oil or other natural gas. Several years after prehistoric bodies of water have dried up compression and heat, “cook” the organic material under several layers of silt. Rock formations called caprocks hold the oil and natural gas when it rises to and breaks through the crust. These rocks are thick enough to keep the oil and gas from seeping to earth’s surface. Under these caprocks is where we find most of our oil and natural gas today.

7. Coal from Prehistoric Plants & Swamps 300 to 400 million years ago a variety of ferns, trees, and other plants decomposed to become organic material to create coal when paired with additional pressure and heat. Coal was also found to be formed by sea water covering swamps creating a large amount of sulfur, which then is exposed as these bodies of water dried up. This sulfur formed into the coal made from these bodies can be harmful to the environment when the coal is burned. Scientists have been trying to discover a way to remove this sulfur in order to reduce the risk of burning this coal.

8. Video http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=40991

9. K.S. When coal is formed by sea water, what element is created that is harmful to the environment when the coal is later burned?

10. WWK: Howfossilfuels are utilized, whatfossilfuels are, howtheyburn, and ifthey are negitiveornot.

11. Whatis a fossil fuel? Fossilfuels are formedfrompreviousplants and animals. Forexamplepetroleumis a liquid mixture of hydrocarbonsthatispresent in suitable rock. Petroleumisalso a fossil fuel, itwasoriginallycreatedbyorganisms in theoceanthousands of yearsago, and now can befoundbeneaththeEarth’ssurface.

12. Howdoesenergy come fromfossilfuels? Theenergyisaquiredfromall of theplants and animalsthathadpreviouslycreatedthefossil fuel manyyears ago. Theenergyputintothefossil fuel isstoredover time, and isusedtoday.

13. What are theyusedfor? Fossilfuels are usedforjustabouteverything. Thebiggest use of them, isfueling cars and airplanes.

14. Can fossilfuelsbe a badthing? • Fossilfuels are nonrenewable, so eventuallytheywillrunout. Thiswillresult in new resourcestoreplacetheonesthefossilfuelstakecare of today. Fossilfuelsalsoincrease global warming. Itdoesthisbyreleasingtomuchcarbondioxide. Carbondioxideis a colorlessodorless gas. Eachyeartheamount of carbondioxidegiven off slowlyincreases.

15. Howisthefossil fuel burned? Combustionistheprocess of burningsomething. Combustionis a chemicalway of turningsomethinginto a fossil fuel. Combustion can bedangerous, and mayrelease air pollutantsduringtheprocess.

16. Video http://youtu.be/_8VqWKZIPrM

17. KS Whatisonethingfossilfuels are usedfor?

18. WWK: The benefits and disadvantages of nonrenewable resources due to accessibility, lack of sustainability, politics, accidents from resources use and the actual use of them

19. Nonrenewable Resources • Resources are any physical or virtual entity of limited availability • Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that cannot be replaced once it has been extracted or procured • Some leading resources are coal and oil which are extracted form underground reservoirs

20. Accessibility • Nonrenewable resources are easily attainable • Once these resources are gathered it is easily turned into energy • Another bonus is that nonrenewable resources are manufactured at a highly cheaper rate than that of renewable resources • Nonrenewable energy also contains the advantage of being more reliable for meeting the planets needs for electricity and to fuel cars and other machines

21. Lack of Sustainability A disadvantage of nonrenewable resources is that they are depleting with everyday use Sustainability is the idea that an action can be continued indefinitely with little impact on the environment, but nonrenewable resources falter because they do not posses sustainability

22. Politics Oil that is purchased from foreign countries may put limitations depending on the US relations It is argued that the US will not be able to achieve full self- sufficiency while it continues to rely on nonrenewable energy sources

23. Accidents Caused by Nonrenewable Resources The Torrey Canyon Oil Spill- March 18, 1967 Scilly Isles, UK Amount of oil spilled: 25-36 gallons Kolva River Oil Spill- September 8, 1994 Kolva River, Russia Amount of oil spilled: 84 million gallons Arabian Gulf/ Kuwait- January 19, 1991 Persian Gulf, Kuwait Amount of oil spilled: 380-520 million gallons

24. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHutG0e58os

25. KS What is one leading nonrenewable resource?

26. WWK: Students will know the other options to provide energy other than using fossil fuels such as oil and natural gases, and what wind turbines, hydroelectric power, and solar panels are. How the three of those options provide electricity and what they can do for the world.

27. Option 1: Wind Turbines Over the past decade, the use of wind turbines has increased over 25% per year. Wind Turbines are energy providers with a large vanned wheel rotated by wind to produce electricity. Most wind energy comes from turbines that can be as tall as a 20-story building and have three 200-foot-long blades that look like propellers on a stick. The biggest wind turbines generate enough electricity to supply about 600 homes, and even having a small turbine in your backyard can provide enough electricity to power your home.

28. Option 2: Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectricity is electricity that is produced by water through a turbine with a generator; much like the ones in wind turbines. Hydroelectric power reduces pollution because fuel is not burned. It is also relatively cheap with low maintenance costs and operations. With the use of hydroelectric power, we can obtain the same electricity as using oil, just with much less harm to the environment.

29. Option 3: Solar Panels Solar panels are panels that are designed to absorb the sun’s rays to generate electricity or heat. Solar panels also produce no pollution and have no harmful effects on the environment. All solar panels are “wireless” and do not need to be connected to any external power source. While solar energy has expanded in recent years, oil is still one of the top energy sources used in the US. Solar lights work at night and are immune to blackouts.

30. How the three options provide electricity. The wind turbines provide electricity by spinning the blades at the top of the turbine which turns a shaft that is connected to a generator that produces electricity. (If there’s wind, there’s power). Hydroelectric energy is produced in almost the same way that it is from the wind turbines. There are turbines placed within dams and when the water flows through and spins the turbines, it turns on the generator that it is connected to. Solar panels produce energy that comes directly from the sun’s rays, making it renewable so it can be used over and over again with the sun’s rays shining throughout the day; even under clouds.

31. What other options can mean for the world. As of right now, the US is only using about 3.6% energy total from renewable resources such as the solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectricity; the other total percentage of resources being oil, coal, and gas. Using other things rather than things such as oil as a primary energy source can save money that can be put towards something else. By using the renewable resources that we have access to, we can save the supply of oil and other nonrenewable resources that are becoming very limited.

32. K.S. How do wind turbines produce electricity?

33. Video http://science.howstuffworks.com/3851-hydroelectric-power-video.htm

34. WWK: how renewable resources can be beneficial by being always available and less destructive to our environment but can also be costly and not as consistent.

35. Energy Sources Energy can be classified into nonrenewable and renewable. A nonrenewable resource is called that because it cannot be reproduced in a short amount of time unlike a renewable source. Renewable Resourcessuch as wind, waves, solar, and geothermal energy are generated from natural sources and can be generated as often as needed.

36. Benefits of using Renewable Resources: Environmentally Friendly Renewable resources typically have low carbon emissions while nonrenewable release toxic gases into the atmosphere which is a major contributor to global warming The burning of fossil fuels(non renewable resources) and the fuels used by automobiles have caused acid rain and pollution in the atmosphere

37. Benefit: Energy Security Nonrenewable resources are bound to expire one day. They are hard to acquire and 2/3 of the energy in fossil fuels is lost anyways in the production and transmission process. Renewable resources provide energy securitywhich is the availability of natural resources for energy consumption in a given period of time. By using renewable resources we become less dependent on other countries to provide us with fuel. The energy provided by the renewable resources will always be available to us in mass consumption if needed.

38. Disadvantages: Initial Cost Even though converting to all renewable energy sounds good in theory, it can be very costly to set up. Once the project is set up it basically has no cost, but setting up a solar power system can be very expensive. Solar energy systems for your entire home can have a start up price of 25,000 and can go up to 35,000 dollars. The biogas plant is also very costly to construct so only the wealthy are able to use this energy. Biogas is an organic gas that is used as a fuel.

39. Disadvantages Wind energy is not consistent which means that the wind turbines create a different amount of energy at each time Tidal energy can effect ecosystems because when setting up dams, it can disrupt the migration of fish.

40. Video http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/energy-environment/alternative-energy/

41. K.S About how much does it cost to startup a complete solar energy system for your house?