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GC unit 17 Part 2

GC unit 17 Part 2. World War II. The US position. Still viewed all of this as a “European problem” Isolationism The Neutrality Acts Eventually these were relaxed and we began to aid the allies Lend lease Act Destroyers for naval bases The “Arsenal of Democracy”

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GC unit 17 Part 2

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  1. GC unit 17Part 2 World War II

  2. The US position • Still viewed all of this as a “European problem” • Isolationism • The Neutrality Acts • Eventually these were relaxed and we began to aid the allies • Lend lease Act • Destroyers for naval bases • The “Arsenal of Democracy” • New Axis Powers agreement was disturbing (Why?)

  3. Hitler’s Conquests in Europe • Blitzkrieg (Panzer divisions of 300 tanks) • Tanks, Infantry and air support • Use of paratroopers • April 1940 takes Denmark and Norway • Netherlands (2 days) • Belgium (2 weeks) • Hitler avoided the Maginot Line • Invades France through Luxembourg (6/10/40) • The Miracle of Dunkirk: 300,000 saved but all equipment was lost (DeGaulle and the Free French) • Germans reach Paris on June 14th 1940 • set up the Vichy government under Henri Petain

  4. Henri Petain Vichy France

  5. The Battle of Britain • From August of 1940 until March of 1941 Hitler bombed England to soften them up for invasion (15,000 killed in London in 2 months) • British bomb Berlin and caused the Luftwaffe to shift focus to London • Hitler shifts focus to London (allows British industry to produce) • RAF used radar and US help to fight off the attacks • Winston Churchill took power in May of 1940 (good relationship with FDR and the US) • Churchill Speech

  6. The US Enters the War July 1941 Japanese occupy Indo-China at the expense of the French • US oil embargo • Freeze Japanese aassets • Pearl Harbor December 7th 1941 • US declares war on Japan (Dec 8th) • Italy and Germany declare war on US (Dec 11th)

  7. THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC • GERMAN U-BOAT FORCE ATTACKS U.S. / BRITISH NAVIES & MERCHANT SHIPS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC SEA LANES • JUNE 1940 - FEB 41 “THE HAPPY TIME” (WOLFPACKS) • GERMANS ATTEMPT TO CUT OFF FLOW OF SUPPLIES FROM U.S. TO BRITIAN • ATTACKS START CLOSE TO U.S. SHORE • COMBAT EVENTAULLY MOVES FURTHER INTO THE ATLANTIC • U.S. USES SONAR (ASDIC) & RADAR TO HINDER GERMANS • RESULTS? • HEAVY LOSSES ON BOTH SIDES • BY MID-1943, ALLIES HAVE WON CONTROL OF THE ATLANTIC

  8. WW II GERMAN U-BOAT

  9. OPERATION BARBAROSSA

  10. THE EASTERN FRONT • June 22, 1941: • Operation Barbarossa / Germany invades Russia • Why? • Lebensraum: • Nazi Racial Theories • Wanted to force GB to sign a treaty by eliminating an important potential ally • Resources: • Land • Food • Oil

  11. BATTLE OF STALINGRAD October 1942 February of 1943 • Stalingrad (Southern Russia) • German attempt to capture / occupy oil fields in S. Russia • Then Germans can control important Volga River supply route • What happens? • Aug.-Oct.: German 6th Army seizes Stalingrad • Oct.-Nov.: Russians surround / cut off Germans • Nov.-Feb.: German Army starved / casualties high • Feb: German 6th Army surrenders 91,000 prisoners • ***Russian casualties (military & civilian): 1,250,000 (more than US in the entire war) • STALINGRAD: Turning point in European Theatre

  12. NORTH AFRICAN (NOV. 1942) UNITED STATES SUPPORTS GREAT BRITAIN IN NORTH AFRICA (OPERATION TORCH) • U.S. : GEORGE PATTON • BRITISH: BERNARD MONTGOMERY • GERMAN AFRIKA KORPS: ERWIN ROMMEL (THE DESERT FOX) • WHY IMPORTANT? • CONTROL OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND SUEX CANAL • ALLIES THOUGHT IT WAS “SOFT UNDERBELLY” OF EUROPE • BATTLE OF EL ALAMEIN: • TURNING POINT IN NORTH AFRICA (BRITISH VICTORY)

  13. Italy Surrenders • July 1943: Allies invaded Sicily to open a second front in Europe (Operation Husky) • Mussolini deposed and arrested in the Spring of 1943 • Germans divert troops to bail out Italy, rescue Mussolini and restore him as the leader in German controlled N. Italy • Eventually caught fleeing and executed in April of 1945

  14. The End of the War in Europe • D-Day invasion June 6th 1944 (2 million men in 100 days) • Led by Dwight Eisenhower overall commander allied forces Europe • Last German offensive was the Battle of the Bulge December 1944 • March 1945 allies cross the Rhine River • April 30th Hitler commits suicide • May 8th V-E Day

  15. Early losses • December 7th 1941 Pearl Harbor US declares war on Japan • Doolittle raid (sig?) • Internment of Japanese Americans • Japan scores early victories • The Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea • MacArthur “I shall return” promise • Bataan Death March • Battle of the Coral Sea • A tie but saves Australia • First naval battle where ships do not see each other

  16. PHILIPPINES 80,000 US VS. 200,000 JAPAN After 5 Months- US Forces: 14,000 KIA 48,000 WIA http://ghostofbataan.com/image2/deathm1.jpg

  17. The tide turns • Battle of Midway Island (June 1942) • Commander Pacific Fleet Chester Nimitz • 4 Japanese carriers sunk to 1 US • Why strategically important? • Douglass MacArthur • Island hopping • Leytee Gulf (re-conquest of the Philippines) • Kamikaze tactics

  18. Island Hopping • By-pass Japanese strong-points • Seize small, unfortified islands • Build airfields on them • Use air power to destroy Japanese supply lines • Starve out Japanese strong-points • Repeat

  19. The end of the War in the Pacific • Marines advance to Iwo Jima and Okinawa • President Truman and J. Robert Oppenheimer complete the “Manhattan Project” • Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August of 1945) • You tube A-bomb • V-J Day Aug 15th 1945

  20. Island Bases in Marianas and on Iwo Jima provided strategic staging areas for the bombing of Japan and dropping of the bomb. http://www.mbe.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/potsdam_decision.htm

  21. Harry Truman J. Robert Oppenheimer

  22. The Final Solution • Hitler put the SS in charge of implementing the plan to eliminate the Jews • Reinhard Heydrich (SS) • Ghettos, mobile killing units, death camps (1942) • Auschwitz • The death toll • 5-6 million Jews • Another 9-10 million (gypsies, slavs etc..)

  23. The Nuremberg Trials

  24. The charges • 19 defendants (1 absent) • 2 acquitted (Franz Von Papen, Hans Fritzsche) • 12 condemned to death • They attempted to use the trial as a platform to justify their actions • 4 Counts • Conspiracy to commit the crimes listed below • Crimes against peace • War crimes • Crimes against humanity • You tube PBS

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