1 / 21

Bacteria:

Bacteria:. Classification and Structure. What are the 6 Kingdoms?. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals. We are looking at the first two. Archaebacteria Eubacteria. Classification of Bacteria. Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: Heterotrophs

alaura
Download Presentation

Bacteria:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bacteria: Classification and Structure

  2. What are the 6 Kingdoms? • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  3. We are looking at the first two • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria

  4. Classification of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: extremists • Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

  5. Archaebacteria • Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

  6. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs • Found everywhere • Parasites: live off of other organisms • Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

  7. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Photosynthetic: make their own food from light • Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red • ponds, streams, moist areas

  8. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs • Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen • Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

  9. Structure of Bacteria • Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

  10. Arrangement • Paired: diplo • Grape-like clusters: staphylo • Chains: strepto

  11. Shape • Rod: bacillus • Spheres: coccus • Spirals: spirillum

  12. Examples • Streptococcus: chains of spheres • Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals • Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

  13. Typical Bacterial Cell

  14. Reproduction • Two types of reproduction • asexual • sexual • Asexual: Binary Fission: • genetically identical • rapid reproduction; can be as little as 20 minutes in some bacteria (@ this rate they could cover the surface of the earth in a few weeks) WOW!!! • Note: Bacteria don’t always have the ideal growing conditions and they often run out of nutrients and water, poison themselves with their waste, and predators eat them.

  15. Reproduction • Sexual : Conjugation • During conjugation, one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another cell through the pilus(plural: pili) that connects the two cells. • These bacterial cells can now go through binary fission and produce cells with the new recombinated DNA. Click video below!!!

  16. Bacterial Respiration & Metabolism • Obligate aerobes: • Bacteria that require oxygen • Obligate anaerobes: • Bacteria that are killed in the presence of oxygen • There are some bacteria that can survive in either condition: • Oxygen present: cellular respiration • Oxygen absent: fermentation

  17. Survival Tactic • When bacteria are faced with adverse (unfavorable) conditions they can produce an endospore. • Endospore: a tiny structure that contains a bacterium’s DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tough outer covering that resist drying out, temperature extremes, and harsh chemicals. Click video below!!!

  18. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Nitrogen fixation: • Nitrogen is essential (necessary) for all organisms • Found in DNA, RNA, proteins, and ATP • Only bacteria can convert the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to nitrogen that other organisms can use • Example: legume plants roots and nitrogen fixation bacteria (p. 493)

  19. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Recycling of nutrients • Decomposing bacteria break down organic (containing carbon) matter in dead organisms and wastes, returning organic and inorganic materials back to the environment.

  20. Importance & Benefits ofBacteria • Food and Medicine: • Food: • Swiss cheese, blue cheese, vinegar, sauerkraut, etc. • Live in the intestines of animals, and produce vitamins and enzymes that help digest food. • Medicine: • Can be used to make antibiotics to kill other types of bacteria • streptomycin, erythromycin, bacitracin, and neomcin

  21. Harmful Effects • Bacteria can cause disease • Antibiotics, such as penicillin can help combat bacteria by inhibiting bacteria cells from properly forming a cell wall. • Water enters the cell and they rupture and die

More Related