Warm Up: Monday August 27 th

1. Warm Up: Monday August 27th • Get out your homework from Friday • WE have a test this week (Wednesday/Thursday) • In Full Sentences, please respond to this question: • What do you think makes a GREAT leader? Name 3 characteristics. • Do you think leaders are born or made?

2. To Do this week: • Monday: Alexander the Great • Great Minds of Greece • Tuesday: Study for Test ( a lot shorter!) • Wednesday/Thursday: Test & Activity • Friday: Start Ancient Rome (3 day weekend)

3. Goals for Today • Students will… • Understand the contribution of Alexander the Great • Recognize the accomplishments of Ancient Greece

4. Alexander the Great

5. After the Peloponnesian War the city-states of Greece were left vulnerable to invasion. Macedonia was the region to the north of Greece. Philip II: Was the king of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great. Invasion of Greece: Philip conquered the city-states of Greece and united them. He then prepared to invade the Persian Empire. Death of Philip Was assassinated at the wedding of his daughter.

6. Alexander’s ascension to Power After the death of his father Alexander took the throne of Macedonia. Age: He was only 20-21 years old. Preparation As a teenager Alexander had been a general in his father’s army. His father had hired the Philosopher Aristotle as his tutor. The army declared him general after his father’s death. Many in Macedonia did not consider him a legitimate heir to the throne because his mother, Olympia, was not a Macedonian.

7. Alexander’s Conquests Alexander had to suppress some Greek revolts after his father's death, he then turned toward conquering the Persian Empire. Took on the Persian Empire Gaugamela Final defeat of Darius. Alexander had already defeated Darius at the battle of Issus, where Darius had abandoned his wife, mother, and children. Sisygambis, Darius’ mother, disowned her son and pledged her loyalty to Alexander. It is said that when Alexander died she sealed herself in room and died of grief and hunger.

8. Conquers Egypt After defeating the Persians Alexander marched to Egypt to claim his newly acquired territory. In Egypt he was proclaimed the son of Zeus and made Pharaoh. The Egyptians considered him to be a god. He founded the city Alexandria in Egypt. It would lay the foundations for the spread of Greek culture throughout the region.

9. Alexander’s Empire

10. Pushes on to Indus River Valley Alexander expanded his empire to the Indus river in India. He adopted many Persian and Egyptian customs along the way. This may have bred resentment in his men, because they refused to advance any further into India and he was forced to head back. The Indus river became the eastern border of his empire.

12. Death of Alexander Alexander never lost a battle. He died shortly after he turned back from India. It was most likely from Malaria, or another tropical disease. Babylon This city is the traditional site for his death. He never appointed a successor, it is said that he left his kingdom to “the strongest”

13. The Legacy of Alexander Alexander is considered one of the great military leaders of all time. He assimilated the cultures of his conquered regions into a common culture.

14. Legacy of Alexander the Great Hellenistic Culture • This culture was Hellenistic Culture. • Was a combination of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture. • This culture was spread by trade Language • The language spread by Alexander was Greek

15. Architecture and Sculpture Realism Hellenistic sculpture took a departure from the Greek idealized style to a style emphasizing realism.

17. Great Minds of Ancient Greece

18. The Writing of History • Herodotus-wrote History of the Persian Wars • First real history • Thucydides- wrote history of Peloponnesian War • General who fought in war • Saw war and politics as act of men and gods • Emphasis on accuracy

19. Pythagoras582-500 B.C. Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 c2 a2 b2

20. Hippocrates460-377 B.C. Founded a school of medicine Rejected that sickness comes from the gods Careful observations of symptoms Acute Chronic “Holistic” healing Hygiene Diet Curative powers of nature The Hippocratic Oath

21. Democritus460? - 360 B.C. Developed the atomic theory. Taught that the universe was formed out of chaos through the joining of atoms of like shape and size. Atoma = indivisible particles. “the laughing philosopher”

22. Archimedes287 - 212 B.C. Greek mathematician – Geometry War machines and other devices Theory of buoyancy - “Eureka!” Law of the lever Archimedean screw

23. Archimedean Screw

24. Modern application of the Archimedean Screw

25. The Three Most Famous Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

26. Socrates c. 469-399 B.C. Socrates Encouraged people to examine their own beliefs and ideas. He wrote no books, but questioned fellow citizens about their beliefs and ideas. He used a method of questioning now called the Socratic method. Socrates believed this was the way to seek truth and self-knowledge. To the people he was an annoyance and a threat to their way life. When Socrates was 70 he was put on trial for “corrupting the city’s youth and failing to respect the gods.” He spoke out in his own defense, He was loyal to the laws of Athens, and accepted his death penalty and drank a glass of Hemlock, a deadly poison. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” “Know Thyself”

27. Plato c. 427-347 B.C. Plato was shocked by the death of his teacher Socrates. He stayed away from Athens for 10 years. When he returned, he established the Academy, a school that lasted for the next 900 years. Plato emphasized the importance of reason. He believed that through rational thought, people could recognize perfect beauty, and learn to organize an ideal society.

28. Aristotle c. 384-322 B.C. • He was suspicious of democracy, he thought it led to mob rule. • He supported rule by a single strong and virtuous leader. • He addressed the question of how people should live. He felt people should pursue the “golden mean,” a moderate course between extremes. • He believed that reason should be the guiding force for learning. • He set up a school, the Lyceum. • He left behind many writings which became the basis for later educational systems in Europe. • Was the tutor of Alexander the Great.

29. Plague in Athens Activity • Directions: • Imagine that you have been asked to prepare a health bulletin to inform Athenians about this deadly disease.   • Create a bulletin that describes the plague in Athens. • List possible symptoms in the order in which they occur. • With each symptom, describe what is as and draw a picture.

30. Warm Up: Tuesday, August 28th Name three questions that could be on the test and then answer them Going to study today; you will get your study guide!

31. Today REMEMBER: Tomorrow/Thursday is the test Today you will ONLY be studying for the test Silently for the first 45 minutes With a a partner, last 10…. Can have Ipods  Use your book AND notes

32. Test Day: NO Warm Up • Quickly look over your study guide….get ready to turn it in! • *SIGH* • *Breathe* • It will be ok…..you will have all class period • When you are done, you are to work SILENTLY on: • Must be doing something when the test is over

33. This test: • ONLY write on the answer key • Not on the test!!!! • Saves paper • If you write on it accidentally, either erase it or hand it to me so I can get a new one.

34. Rules about tests: • When tests are out, there is to be absolutely NO TALKING!!!!! • This is disrespectful • I will take the test if you do, and it will be a “0” • I will also have you spend detention with me • If you have questions, please raise your hand, and I will come over to see if I can answer it • I will not give you the answer • Good luck! You are fully prepared for this!!!!