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Aluminium

Aluminium. Extraction and Uses. Aluminium Mining. Aluminium Ore is called Bauxite. Bauxite is a red mineral made of aluminium oxide and iron oxides. Bauxite is mined in various places, e.g. Russia, Jamaica. Bauxite Purification. Bauxite is heated with sodium hydroxide.

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Aluminium

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  1. Aluminium Extraction and Uses

  2. Aluminium Mining • Aluminium Ore is called Bauxite. • Bauxite is a red mineral made of aluminium oxide and iron oxides. • Bauxite is mined in various places, e.g. Russia, Jamaica

  3. Bauxite Purification • Bauxite is heated with sodium hydroxide. • This dissolves the alumina but not the other minerals. • The residue is filtered off and disposed of. • The filtrate is acidified and heated to produce pure alumina, aluminium oxide powder.

  4. Extracting aluminium • Aluminium is more reactive than carbon. • So carbon will not reduce aluminium oxide. • Aluminium cannot be extracted in a blast furnace. • Aluminium is extracted using electricity in a process called electrolysis.

  5. The electrolysis cell

  6. How it works Direct Current Al2O3 2Al3+ + 3O2- Anode + Al3+ O2- O2- O2- O2- O2- Al3+ O2- Al3+ Al3+ Cathode -

  7. O2- O2- O2- O2- O2- O2- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-  O2 + 4e- 2O2- At the anode anode O2 CO2 O2 + positive O2 + C  CO2

  8. e- e- e- e- e- e- Al  At the cathode Cathode Al3+ Al Al Al3+ + 3e- Al3+ - al negative l i q u i d

  9. Quick Review Direct Current Anode + Anode + CO2 CO2 O2 Al3+ O2- O2- O2- O2- O2- Al3+ O2- Al3+ Al3+ Cathode -

  10. At the negative cathode Positive Aluminium ions drift to the cathode. They gain electrons and become aluminium atoms Al3+ + 3e- Al At the positive anode Negative oxide ions drift to the positive anode. They lose electrons and become oxygen gas molecules. 2O2- O2 + 4e- At the electrodes.

  11. Making stuff

  12. Power cables Saucepans Aeroplanes Bicycles Cars Battleships Cooking foil Cans Space blankets Statues Window frames Light Light, unreactive Light Light, doesn’t rust Light, doesn’t rust Light, radar quiet Reflective, unreactive Unreactive Reflective Unreactive Unreactive Uses of aluminium

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