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Introduction to WCAG, ATAG and UAAG

Introduction to WCAG, ATAG and UAAG. Jan Richards, Project Manager Inclusive Design Research Centre OCAD University http://idrc.ocad.ca. W3C-WAI Model. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Recommendation: Guidelines for making Web content more accessible.

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Introduction to WCAG, ATAG and UAAG

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  1. Introduction to WCAG, ATAG and UAAG • Jan Richards, Project Manager • Inclusive Design Research Centre • OCAD University • http://idrc.ocad.ca

  2. W3C-WAI Model • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Recommendation: • Guidelines for making Web content more accessible. • Authoring Tools Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0 Working Draft (1.0 is Rec): • Guidelines for: (1) making authoring tools more accessible to authors and (2) supporting the production of accessible content by all authors. • User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0 Working Draft (1.0 is Rec): • Guidelines for making user agents (browsers, media players) more accessible to end users.

  3. WCAG 2.0 • Version 2.0 is a Full Recommendation. • Applies to: • Various web content technologies (HTML, SVG, PDF, etc.) • Static pages • Web applications • Etc. • Notes: • Only Accessibility-Supported Waysof Using Technologies • Full Pages/Compete Processes

  4. WCAG 2.0: Perceivable • 1.1 Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language: • Control or accepts user input: Describe its purpose. • Time-Based Media: Provide descriptive identification. • Test or exercise: Provide descriptive identification. • Sensory experience: Provide descriptive identification. • CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart): Note purpose and provide alternative forms of CAPTCHA in another mode (sound). • Decoration, Formatting, Invisible: Help assistive technology ignore it (i.e. alt=“”).

  5. WCAG 2.0: Perceivable • 1.2 Provide alternatives for time-based media.: • Audio • Captions (Prerecorded) • Captions (Live) • Sign language translation • Video: • Audio Descriptions • Extended Audio Descriptions • Interaction: • Text alternatives including interaction

  6. WCAG 2.0: Perceivable • 1.3 Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure. • Labels for form controls • Table headings • Roles, states, etc. (WAI-ARIA)

  7. WCAG 2.0: Perceivable • 1.4 Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background: • Sufficient contrast • Resizability • Ability to control audio • Low or no background audio No one appreciates this… ….and this isn’t nice either.

  8. WCAG 2.0: Operable • 2.1 Make all functionality available from a keyboard: • No “keyboard traps”. • 2.2 Provide users enough time to read and use content. • 2.3 Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures. • 2.4 Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are. • Provide structure to help the user navigate (headers, bypass links, tab order, etc.).

  9. WCAG 2.0: Understandable • 3.1 Make text content readable and understandable. • 3.2 Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways. • Don’t shift the user’s context just because they move the focus or change the setting of a control. • Keep navigation and control labellingconsistent. • 3.3 Help users avoid and correct mistakes.

  10. WCAG 2.0: Robust • 4.1 Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies. • Web content must be compatible with a wide range of user agents: • Being parsable • Passing along semantic information such as name, role and values(e.g. WAI-ARIA information)

  11. ATAG 2.0 • Version 1.0 was published in 1999. • Version 2.0 is nearing completion. • Applies to: • WYSIWYG editors, plain text editors • conversion tools (e.g., "Save as HTML") • blogging tools, wikis, online forums, email clients • multimedia authoring • CMS systems, • Etc.

  12. ATAG 2.0: Definition of Authoring Tool • Any web-based or non-web-based application(s) that can be used by authors (alone or collaboratively) to create or modify web content for use by other people (other authors or end users). • Note 1: "application(s)": ATAG 2.0 may be conformed to by stand-alone applications or by collections of applications. If a conformance claim is made, then the claim must provide identifying information for each application and also for any required extensions, plug-ins, etc. • Note 2: "alone or collaboratively": Multiple authors may contribute to the creation of web content and, depending on the authoring tool, each author may work with different views of the content and different author permissions. • Note 3: "to create or modify web content": This clause rules out software that collects data from a person for other purposes (e.g., online grocery order form) and then creates web content from that data (e.g., a web-based warehouse order) without informing the person (however, WCAG 2.0 would still apply). This clause also rules out software used to create content exclusively in non-web content technologies. • Note 4: "for use by other people": This clause rules out the many web applications that allow people to modify web content that only they themselves experience (e.g., web-based email display settings) or that only provide input to automated processes (e.g., library catalog search page).

  13. ATAG 2.0: Supports WCAG 2.0 • ATAG 2.0 uses the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as the determinant of Web content accessibility. • ATAG 2.0 has special checkpoints related to checking, repair, etc. of content that take their level directly from WCAG.

  14. ATAG 2.0: Accessible Authoring UI • Part A: Make the authoring tool user interface accessible • Principle A.1. Authoring tool user interfaces must follow applicable accessibility guidelines • A.1.1. (For the authoring tool user interface) Ensure that web-based functionality is accessible • A.1.2. (For the authoring tool user interface) Ensure that non-web-based functionality is accessible • Principle A.2. Editing-views must be perceivable • A.2.1. (For the authoring tool user interface) Make alternative content available to authors • A.2.2. (For the authoring tool user interface) Editing-view presentation can be programmatically determined • …

  15. ATAG 2.0: Accessible Authoring UI • … • Principle A.3. Editing-views must be operable • A.3.1. (For the authoring tool user interface) Provide keyboard access to authoring features • A.3.2. (For the authoring tool user interface) Provide authors with enough time • A.3.3. (For the authoring tool user interface) Help authors avoid flashing that could cause seizures • A.3.4. (For the authoring tool user interface) Enhance navigation and editing via content structure • A.3.5. (For the authoring tool user interface) Provide text search of the content • A.3.6. (For the authoring tool user interface) Manage preference settings • A.3.7. (For the authoring tool user interface) Ensure that previews are as accessible as existing user agents • Principle A.4. Editing-views must be understandable • A.4.1. (For the authoring tool user interface) Help authors avoid and correct mistakes • A.4.2. (For the authoring tool user interface) Document the user interface including all accessibility features

  16. ATAG 2.0: Accessible content production • We shouldn’t rely on the average author to implement WCAG on their own because… • accessibility requirements can be complex to manage (e.g. keeping navigation consistent), • most authors are not (nor do they wish to be) accessibility experts (and WCAG is a technical document, on par with a format recommendation), • the delivery of Web content is becoming more complex, • and tools are being produced that hide many of the low-level details of the final content.

  17. ATAG 2.0: Accessible content production • Part B: Support the production of accessible content • Principle B.1: Fully automatic processes must produce accessible content • B.1.1. Ensure automatically specified content is accessible • B.1.2. Ensure accessibility information is preserved • Principle B.2: Authors must be supported in producing accessible content • B.2.1. Ensure accessible content production is possible • B.2.2. Guide authors to produce accessible content • B.2.3. Assist authors with managing alternative content for non-text content • B.2.4. Assist authors with accessible templates • B.2.5. Assist authors with accessible pre-authored content • Principle B.3: Authors must be supported in improving the accessibility of existing content • B.3.1. Assist authors in checking for accessibility problems • B.3.2. Assist authors in repairing accessibility problems • Principle B.4. Authoring tools must promoted and integrate their accessibility features • B.4.1. Ensure the availability of features that support the production of accessible content • B.4.2. Ensure that documentation promotes the production of accessible content

  18. ATAG 2.0: Automating Accessibility • Authoring tools need to support accessibility in the same way as they support correct syntax and spelling:

  19. ATAG 2.0: Automating Accessibility • In case people think developers aren’t paying attention (from the iPhone Accessibility Programming Guide)….

  20. UAAG 2.0 • Version 1.0 was published in 2002. • Version 2.0 is in progress. • Appliers to: • Browsers • Media players • Web-based user agents

  21. UAAG 2.0: Supports WCAG • UAAG 2.0 supports WCAG 2.0 but because it gives guidance to user agents rendering any Web content, it cannot assume WCAG requirements have been followed.

  22. UAAG 2.0: Principles • PRINCIPLE 1: Perceivable • Guideline 1.1: Alternative content • Guideline 1.2: Missing content • Guideline 1.3: Highlighting • Guideline 1.4: Text configuration • Guideline 1.5: Volume configuration • Guideline 1.6: Synthesized speech configuration • Guideline 1.7: Style sheets configuration • Guideline 1.8: Viewports • Guideline 1.9: Focus • Guideline 1.10: Source views • Guideline 1.11: Element Information • …

  23. UAAG 2.0: Principles • … • PRINCIPLE 2. Operable • Guideline 2.1: Keyboard access • Guideline 2.2: Sequential navigation • Guideline 2.3: Direct navigation and activation • Guideline 2.4: Search • Guideline 2.5: Structured navigation • Guideline 2.6: Event handlers • Guideline 2.7: Preference settings • Guideline 2.8: Toolbar configuration • Guideline 2.9: Time-independence • Guideline 2.10: Flashing • Guideline 2.11: Media • …

  24. UAAG 2.0: Principles • … • PRINCIPLE 3: Understandable • Guideline 3.1: Unnecessary messages • Guideline 3.2: Mistakes • Guideline 3.3: Documentation • Guideline 3.4: Predictable • PRINCIPLE 4. Programmatic access • Guideline 4.1: Assistive technology • Guideline 4.2: Nested user agents • PRINCIPLE 5. Specifications and conventions • Guideline 5.1: Desktop apps • Guideline 5.2: Web & web apps • Guideline 5.3: Accessibility features • Guideline 5.4: Follow specifications

  25. Standards: Future-Proof? • Standard-setting is to some extent an attempt to predict the future. • W3C-WAI Guidelines attempt to cope by avoiding requirements around specific technologies and keeping requirements functional.

  26. Thank You • Questions?

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