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UNIT TWO. BEWARE THE DIRTY SEAS. An Introduction. Learning Objective. 1) To understand the serious problem of pollution and
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UNIT TWO BEWARE THE DIRTY SEAS
Learning Objective • 1) To understand the serious problem of pollution and • 2) to learn how the author, in fulfilling the purpose of informing his readers, provides abundant, specific and precise figures and facts, and organizes them tightly and clearly.
Background Information • Global Change: 1) Thinning of ozone sphere 2) Global warming (greenhouse effect) 3) Damage to biodiversity 4) Desertification
Chief Types of Pollution • Air pollution • Water pollution • Soil pollution • Noise pollution • Nuclear pollution
Air pollution: • Air pollution refers to the contamination of air by such substances as fuel exhaust and smoke. • According to WHO, about 1/5 of the world’s people are exposed to hazardous levels of air pollutants.
Major Sources of Air Pollution • 1) natural causes (volcanoes, pollen, etc.) • 2) various fertilisers and insecticides which contribute to pollution in nature. Animal digestion and excrement are an important source of methane (CH4), a gas which contributes to the greenhouse effect.
3) combustibles for heating, for obtaining the energy needed for industrial production or to get rid of man’s waste. Accordingly, industry and incinerators for household waste discharge pollutants into the atmosphere, in particular heavy metals, dust, etc.
4) Travel, by road or air is a major source of pollution: road transport alone is responsible for over 40 % of discharges of suspended particles into the atmosphere. In the urban environment, they are the main cause of air pollution.
Smoke and dust spew out of chimneys at a factory in Shizuishan, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region June 5, 2005. • More than half of 500 Chinese cities failed to meet national air quality standards last year, state media reported .
New Images from Space SpotlightAsian Air Pollution • A visualization of satellite data captured and processed January 1–20, 2003, by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) shows heavy pollution from China and Southeast Asia blowing out over the Pacific Ocean.
Water Pollution: • Water pollution refers to the contamination of water by sewage, toxic chemicals, metals, oils, etc. According to WHO, 5 million people die every year from drinking polluted water.
Sources of Water Pollution • Leaky tanks or pipelines containing petroleum products • Leaks or spills of industrial chemicals at manufacturing facilities
Municipal landfills • Livestock wastes • Leaky sewer lines
Fertilisers on agricultural land • Pesticides on agricultural land and forests • Contaminants in rain, snow, and dry atmospheric fallout
Soil Pollution: • Soil pollution refers to the destruction of the earth’s thin layer of healthy,productive soil, where much of our food is grown.
Major causes of soil contamination include illegal dumping of waste and leakage of wastewater from factories and business facilities.A characteristic of soil pollution is deposits of hazardous chemicals. When toxic substances in soil dissolve to contaminate water or air, or when polluted soil is exposed to human skin, human health may be affected.
Question: • Why do we have to be concerned about the cases of pollution which are found in other parts of the world?
All the ecosystems of the earth are connected! • The relationship among the living and non-living things in an environment make up an ecological system. All the ecosystems of the earth are connected. • Pollution that seems to affect only one part of the environment may also affect other parts.
The Mediterranean Sea • The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. • It covers an approximate area of 2.5 million km² (965 000 mi²).
The Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar on the west and to the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, by the Dardanelles and the Bosporus respectively, on the east. • The man-made Suez Canal in the south-east connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea.
The Mediterranean Countries 1) Algeria 8) Libya 15) Turkey 2) Cyprus 9) Malta 3) Egypt 10) Monaco 4) Greece 11) Morocco 5) Israel 12) Spain 6) Italy 13) Syria 7) Lebanon 14) Tunisia
“Beware the Dirty Seas” is one of the articles that one reads for information. • Determined by its purpose, such an article should provide abundant, specific and precise figures and facts and it should also be tightly and clearly organized.
After stating his thesis at the beginning of the article, the writer devotes the greater part of the article to the causes of pollution and its consequences. • Then he makes mention of a number of geographic, demographic, and even historical factors that contribute to the severity of the case. • He concludes the article by touching upon the solution to the problem.
The Title: Beware • 1) vt or vi. used to warn someone to be very careful about something or someone: e.g. • Beware salespeople who promise offers that seem too good to be true. • You should beware of undercooked food when staying in hot countries.
2) used on signs to warn people of something dangerous:Beware of the dog.Beware the poisonous chemicals.
What is the thesis statement? The thesis statement: The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world. • [1]Every year 100 million holiday-makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one-third of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.
Oil and Tar • Industrial poisonous waste • Untreated sewage 1,2: pour/ sluce What is the fine distinction between the two words? What, according to this Para.2, are the main causes of pollution in the Mediterranean region? • [2] It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories 1pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast 2sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea.
