Canada - Global Leader in Maritime Domain Awareness from Space Lieutenant Commander RJ Quinn Project Director, Polar

1. �Canada - Global Leader in Maritime Domain Awareness from Space�Lieutenant Commander RJ QuinnProject Director, Polar EpsilonDirectorate of Space DevelopmentNational Defence HeadquartersOttawa, Canada

2. Outline

3. Maritime Domain Awareness Domain awareness: The activity that enables a nation to comprehend what is happening in all areas of maritime responsibility. It is composed of surveillance and intelligence efforts, designed to collectively build a comprehensible picture of a nation�s maritime zones and interests � both domestic and international MDA can be best defined as knowledge and understanding of what is happening or to happen on, under, and adjacent to the ocean within the maritime zones. Its key objectives are to develop a comprehensive knowledge of people, containers, goods, and vessels from foreign points of origin to Canadian points of destination and provide timely warning. This coupled with timely information collection and sharing, as well as liaison and coordination with Canadian and international intelligence gathering bodies. MDA includes the effective understanding of the GoC of activities within the maritime domain that could impact on security, safety, environmental or economic interests of Canada. Effective MDA allows timely, accurate decision making and effective coordination of actions to ensure the safety and security of our waters and activities in those waters and other areas of national interest. Domain awareness: The activity that enables a nation to comprehend what is happening in all areas of maritime responsibility. It is composed of surveillance and intelligence efforts, designed to collectively build a comprehensible picture of a nation�s maritime zones and interests � both domestic and international MDA can be best defined as knowledge and understanding of what is happening or to happen on, under, and adjacent to the ocean within the maritime zones. Its key objectives are to develop a comprehensive knowledge of people, containers, goods, and vessels from foreign points of origin to Canadian points of destination and provide timely warning. This coupled with timely information collection and sharing, as well as liaison and coordination with Canadian and international intelligence gathering bodies. MDA includes the effective understanding of the GoC of activities within the maritime domain that could impact on security, safety, environmental or economic interests of Canada. Effective MDA allows timely, accurate decision making and effective coordination of actions to ensure the safety and security of our waters and activities in those waters and other areas of national interest.

4. Project Polar Epsilon Project Polar Epsilon is a $64.5 Million Canadian Defence Capital project providing the ground infrastructure and Maritime Domain Awareness concept of operations, to exploit the $1 Billion commercially owned and operated RADARSAT 2. This slide shows an overview of the project. The aim of the project is to support domestic and global Maritime Domain Awareness and support to Canadian Forces and allied operations. Polar Epsilon is in its implementation phase and will be constructing new satellite reception and signal processors on Canada�s Atlantic and Pacific Coasts in support of Joint Task Forces Atlantic and Pacific located at Halifax Nova Scotia and Esquimalt British Columbia. The bottom right of the slide shows the communications masks from the coastal reception stations. Note that RADARSAT 2 has an onboard storage capability able to store imagery outside of these masks globally and downlink the data. The top right of the slide shows an overview of the capabilities and benefits. The ground stations will be operational in 2010. RADARSAT 2 was successfully launched in December 2007 and commenced operations in April 2008.Project Polar Epsilon is a $64.5 Million Canadian Defence Capital project providing the ground infrastructure and Maritime Domain Awareness concept of operations, to exploit the $1 Billion commercially owned and operated RADARSAT 2. This slide shows an overview of the project. The aim of the project is to support domestic and global Maritime Domain Awareness and support to Canadian Forces and allied operations. Polar Epsilon is in its implementation phase and will be constructing new satellite reception and signal processors on Canada�s Atlantic and Pacific Coasts in support of Joint Task Forces Atlantic and Pacific located at Halifax Nova Scotia and Esquimalt British Columbia. The bottom right of the slide shows the communications masks from the coastal reception stations. Note that RADARSAT 2 has an onboard storage capability able to store imagery outside of these masks globally and downlink the data. The top right of the slide shows an overview of the capabilities and benefits. The ground stations will be operational in 2010. RADARSAT 2 was successfully launched in December 2007 and commenced operations in April 2008.

5. Polar Epsilon - Marine Surveillance Brief slide.Brief slide.

6. Operation Drift Net 2008 3-18 Sep 08 International High Seas Drift Net surveillance RADARSAT-2 80 scenes Maritime Patrol Aircraft CP 140 180 hours ($27K per hour) Build Recognized Maritime Picture using RADARSAT-2 Provide cueing information to Maritime Patrol Aircraft Included Dynamic Tasking 5-6 hours between wide area low resolution to high resolution Recently Project Polar Epsilon supported Operation DriftNet using RADARSAT 2, an international fisheries surveillance effort. Recently Project Polar Epsilon supported Operation DriftNet using RADARSAT 2, an international fisheries surveillance effort.

7. Maritime Patrol Aircraft were deployed to the Alaskan Aleutian islands and RADARAST 2 was used to provide a broad Maritime Domain Awareness picture in advance.Maritime Patrol Aircraft were deployed to the Alaskan Aleutian islands and RADARAST 2 was used to provide a broad Maritime Domain Awareness picture in advance.

8. High Seas Drift Net 2008 This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 images for the period 3-18 Sep.This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 images for the period 3-18 Sep.

9. High Seas Drift Net 2008 This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 detections in the area of interest east of Japan/Russian Economic Exclusion Zones in the Pacific. RADARSAT 2 ship detections commenced imaging the area on 03 Sep, 2 days before the Maritime Patrol Aircraft missions commenced on 5 Sep. A broad Maritime Domain Awareness was provided using RADARSAT 2. The ship length provided by the RADARSAT 2 imagery, we were looking for fishing vessels of 50 metres in length, thereby able to cue the Maritime Patrol Aircraft to the precise location thus saving expensive patrol aircraft hours.This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 detections in the area of interest east of Japan/Russian Economic Exclusion Zones in the Pacific. RADARSAT 2 ship detections commenced imaging the area on 03 Sep, 2 days before the Maritime Patrol Aircraft missions commenced on 5 Sep. A broad Maritime Domain Awareness was provided using RADARSAT 2. The ship length provided by the RADARSAT 2 imagery, we were looking for fishing vessels of 50 metres in length, thereby able to cue the Maritime Patrol Aircraft to the precise location thus saving expensive patrol aircraft hours.

10. Atlantic Tuna Fleet Surveillance 19-28 Feb 09 Atlantic Tuna Fleet Operation International Commission for the Conservation of the Atlantic Tuna Fleet RADARSAT-2 24 scenes Space-based Automated Identification Systems (AIS) 6 satellite ORBCOMM constellation MDA fused RADARSAT-2 and Space-Based AIS in near-real time The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas is an inter-governmental fishery organization responsible for the conservation of tunas and tuna-like species in the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas is an inter-governmental fishery organization responsible for the conservation of tunas and tuna-like species in the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas.

11. Atlantic Tuna Fleet Surveillance This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 collection of the Area of Interest.This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 collection of the Area of Interest.

12. Atlantic Tuna Fleet Surveillance Coincidental RADARSAT 2 and Satellite AIS shown in yellow. Fused data permitted the identification of potential non-emitting AIS vessels.Coincidental RADARSAT 2 and Satellite AIS shown in yellow. Fused data permitted the identification of potential non-emitting AIS vessels.

14. The yellow line here depicts the Area of Interest provided by DFO. The bright red line depicts the southern edge of the MARLANT AOR. The dotted red line depicts the 200 NM EEZ to the south of Nova Scotia. 7 unknown radar tracks. 3 were in the 400 to 600 foot range for length. The others were bigger. These were radar tracks that MDA was unable to correlate to the ORBCOM AIS info. (All the RMP slides here-in were captured from CANMARNET approx 241200Z Feb 09) The yellow line here depicts the Area of Interest provided by DFO. The bright red line depicts the southern edge of the MARLANT AOR. The dotted red line depicts the 200 NM EEZ to the south of Nova Scotia. 7 unknown radar tracks. 3 were in the 400 to 600 foot range for length. The others were bigger. These were radar tracks that MDA was unable to correlate to the ORBCOM AIS info. (All the RMP slides here-in were captured from CANMARNET approx 241200Z Feb 09)

15. Tracks labelled by Source All the tracks labelled SATAIS are Satellite AIS contacts reported by ORBCOM. For this particular data set there were no cases of fused Radar / Satellite AIS tracks. These did occur during other passes and were denoted by source R2SAIS Note the source field RSAT2 for RADAR tracks in the OTHGOLD is not processing. Hence the T___ labels for the RADARSAT 2 contacts.All the tracks labelled SATAIS are Satellite AIS contacts reported by ORBCOM. For this particular data set there were no cases of fused Radar / Satellite AIS tracks. These did occur during other passes and were denoted by source R2SAIS Note the source field RSAT2 for RADAR tracks in the OTHGOLD is not processing. Hence the T___ labels for the RADARSAT 2 contacts.

16. Tracks labelled by Vessel Name / Time-Late This slide highlights that for the SATAIS tracks, vessel identity was given. The SATAIS info was high quality in that it nearly always included destination and ETA for identified vessels.This slide highlights that for the SATAIS tracks, vessel identity was given. The SATAIS info was high quality in that it nearly always included destination and ETA for identified vessels.

17. In the event where Satellite AIS provides MMSI but not vessel name, MDA is labeling track with NAME UNKRDR#. As this is the same convention used for actual radar tracks, ambiguities arise in CANMARNET when this happens. The purple track at top right UNKRDR1 is a radar track. It is is purple because CANMARNET is prompting the operator to decide if it should be correlated with track with same name at lower left. The solution to this to insert MMSI ######### as track name in the event of an AIS track with no name provided. This will have to be fixed at some point.In the event where Satellite AIS provides MMSI but not vessel name, MDA is labeling track with NAME UNKRDR#. As this is the same convention used for actual radar tracks, ambiguities arise in CANMARNET when this happens. The purple track at top right UNKRDR1 is a radar track. It is is purple because CANMARNET is prompting the operator to decide if it should be correlated with track with same name at lower left. The solution to this to insert MMSI ######### as track name in the event of an AIS track with no name provided. This will have to be fixed at some point.

18. I note Finnfighter reporting itself by weather message (OSWEX) in AOI. Not sure why SAT AIS did not pick it up. The Finnfighter is 200 NM from the western boundary, so it should still be in the AOI at time of satellite pass. (The Finnfighter was reported at this time by another classified source). I note Finnfighter reporting itself by weather message (OSWEX) in AOI. Not sure why SAT AIS did not pick it up. The Finnfighter is 200 NM from the western boundary, so it should still be in the AOI at time of satellite pass. (The Finnfighter was reported at this time by another classified source).

19. High Seas Drift Net 2009 Repeat in Aug/Sept. 2009 using RADARSAT-2 and NTS AIS over expanded AOI, every 3 days; Daily in Sept. to coordinate with CP 140 surveillance flights; Delivery of OTHGold messages from RADARSAT-2 and NTS AIS to RMP in near-real time; Uses DRDC AIS data services contract with exactEarth; Operational DND and DFO end users are satisfied with NTS coverage and performance. This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 detections in the area of interest east of Japan/Russian Economic Exclusion Zones in the Pacific. RADARSAT 2 ship detections commenced imaging the area on 03 Sep, 2 days before the Maritime Patrol Aircraft missions commenced on 5 Sep. A broad Maritime Domain Awareness was provided using RADARSAT 2. The ship length provided by the RADARSAT 2 imagery, we were looking for fishing vessels of 50 metres in length, thereby able to cue the Maritime Patrol Aircraft to the precise location thus saving expensive patrol aircraft hours.This slide shows the RADARSAT 2 detections in the area of interest east of Japan/Russian Economic Exclusion Zones in the Pacific. RADARSAT 2 ship detections commenced imaging the area on 03 Sep, 2 days before the Maritime Patrol Aircraft missions commenced on 5 Sep. A broad Maritime Domain Awareness was provided using RADARSAT 2. The ship length provided by the RADARSAT 2 imagery, we were looking for fishing vessels of 50 metres in length, thereby able to cue the Maritime Patrol Aircraft to the precise location thus saving expensive patrol aircraft hours.

20. M3MSAT COMDEV Cambridge, Ontario COMDEV Cambridge, Ontario

21. RADARSAT Constellation Mission