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Minerals

Let’s Review…. Minerals. Mineral Identification. Mineral Definition:. Naturally occurring Solid Orderly crystal structure Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic. How Minerals Form (4 Major Processes). Crystallization of Magma. 2. Precipitation (evaporated H 2 O).

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Minerals

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  1. Let’s Review… Minerals Mineral Identification

  2. Mineral Definition: • Naturally occurring • Solid • Orderly crystal structure • Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic

  3. How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes)

  4. Crystallization of Magma

  5. 2. Precipitation (evaporated H2O)

  6. 3. High Pressure & Temperature

  7. 4. Hydrothermal Solutions

  8. Rocks ROCKS

  9. Rock Cycle Drawing Draw, label, and color a diagram of the rock cycle. Make sure that you include all of the following terms… Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic Ingredients: Magma, Sediments Processes: 1. Weathering & erosion 2. heat & pressure 3. melting 4. cooling 5. compaction & cementation

  10. What’s the difference between weathering & erosion? rock

  11. Weathering the breaking down of rocks at Earth’s surface Erosion – the transportation of weathered material by wind, water, ice, or other agent.

  12. Rocks • Naturally occurring solid material made of one or more minerals • Grouped into 3 main types, based on the way it was formed • Types of Rocks Brain Pop Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

  13. IGNEOUS ROCKS #1

  14. IGNEOUS ROCKS • Formed from magma that cools and hardens • “Fire Formed”

  15. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS #2

  16. Fact: • 75% of Earth’s surface is sedimentary rock!

  17. How Sedimentary Rocks are made: • Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments. • Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity. • Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”. • Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks. • Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water. • Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.

  18. METAMORPHIC ROCKS #3

  19. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism: • Changing of one type of rock in to another due to - • Tremendous heat • Great pressure • Chemical reactions ( a change in composition of minerals)

  20. The Rock Cycle Rock Cycle Brain Pop

  21. Intrusive rocks: formed deep within Earth Magma “intrudes” into existing rock Extrusive rocks: formed from lava at Earth’s surface Lava cools quickly in air IGNEOUS ROCKS: 2 types

  22. IGNEOUS ROCKS: texture 1. Fine grained 2. Coarse grained Cools fast, small crystals Cools slow, large crystals Minerals cool at different rates Lava cools rapidly at surface 4. Porphyritic 3. Glassy

  23. IGNEOUS ROCKS: porphyry(POR-fuh-ree) • Igneous rock with a mixture of large and small crystals

  24. Granitic: Light-colored Rich in silica Less dense Basaltic: Dark-colored Rich in iron More dense Igneous Rocks: Compostion * Major rocks of the crust

  25. Scoria

  26. Igneous Intrusion Granitic or Basaltic?

  27. Youngest layers on the top Oldest layers on the bottom

  28. Sedimentary rocks usually form in water • Ripple marks and mud cracks

  29. Sedimentary Rocks: Classified by • Composition • Texture • Grain size

  30. Types: • Clastic • Organic • Chemical

  31. 1. Clastic Rocks • Formed by broken pieces or fragments of rock • Classified according to size and shape of fragments

  32. Clastic Rocks Conglomerates: • Made of rounded pebbles and other rocks of different sizes and cemented together by clay, mud ,or sand • Formed when rivers deposit large pieces of rock • Pieces of rock rounded by water before deposited

  33. Conglomerate:

  34. Clastic Rocks Breccia: • Similar to conglomerates, but fragments are sharp and angular • Not carried far enough by water to round the edges

  35. Breccia:

  36. Clastic Rocks Sandstone: • Made of small, sand-sized grains • Very common • Resistant to wear and decay • Used to make buildings

  37. Sandstone:

  38. Clastic Rocks Mudrock: • Formed from small particles of clay • Example: shale

  39. shale

  40. shale

  41. 2. Organic Rock • Formed directly or indirectly from material that used to be living

  42. Fossils often preserved in sedimentary rocks

  43. Organic Rock Fossilized Limestone: • Shells from dead animals (containing calcium carbonate) that sink to bottom of ocean floor

  44. Limestone:

  45. Organic Rock Chalk: Composed of animals and calcium carbonate that have been pressed together

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