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Sources of Oil in Water

Learn about how oil exposure affects organisms, such as birds, fish, and marine life, causing deformities and health issues. Explore the harmful effects of marine debris like plastic on ocean ecosystems. Discover international treaties and acts that regulate marine pollution.

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Sources of Oil in Water

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  1. Sources of Oil in Water

  2. Oil and Organisms • Oil is toxic. • Birds’ feathers rapidly absorb oil decreasing their insulating, buoyancy, and waterproofing capabilities. • Oil exposure to eggs decreases hatch rates, and increases deformities, and causes behavioral changes. • Fish that are exposed to oil often develop fin erosion, skin sores, liver damage, and cancer, and they can also bioaccumulate dangerous chemicals. Photo Credit: Charlie Riedel, AP Photo Credit: Mark Carls, NOAA

  3. Marine Debris • Marine debris is any man-made solid that finds its way into the water. • Plastic items are the most common type of marine debris. Fishing gear, food packaging, glass, metal, medical waste, and cigarette filters are other common types of marine debris. • Cigarette filters release carcinogens and other toxic chemicals when in the ocean. Photo credits top to bottom: Ocean Conservancy, Ocean Conservancy, Lamoit

  4. Laws and Treaties • MARPOL 73/78 is an international treaty governing marine pollution. • 136 countries have signed the MARPOL convention. • US Clean Water Act/Oil Pollution Act 1990 • US Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS) 1980 • US Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 • Whistleblowers are entitled to a portion of the fines against oil polluters

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