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Chemistry 121 Winter 2016

Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office : 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941; Office Hours : MTW 8:00 - 10:00 am; ThF 9:00 - 10:00 am 1:00 - 2:00 pm.

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Chemistry 121 Winter 2016

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  1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. UpaliSiriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941; Office Hours: MTW 8:00 - 10:00 am; ThF9:00 - 10:00 am 1:00 - 2:00 pm. Chemistry 121 Winter 2016 December 18, 2015: Test 1 (Chapters 12-13) January 25, 2016:Test 2 (Chapters 14-16) February 17,2016:Test 3 (Chapters 17-19) February 29, 2016:Test 4 (Chapters 20-22) March 1, 2016: Make Up Exam: Chapters 12-22) Bring Scantron Sheet 882-E

  2. Chapter 19 and GHW#9 Questions and Slides Lipids

  3. Chapter 19: Lipids

  4. Lipids A wide variety of naturally occurring organic compounds classified together on the basis of common solubility properties: insolubility in water insoluble in water Lipids include Waxes: Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols Triglycerides: Fatty acid esters of glycerol Phospholipids: Fatty acid and phosphate esters of glycerol Prostaglandins: structures based on Eicosanoids Glycolipids: structures based on Spingosine cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids fat-soluble vitamins

  5. Lipid Structures

  6. Eicosanoids: Messenger lipids

  7. Glycolipids based on spingosine

  8. Lipid classification by function Energy-storage lipids – A fat, triacylglycerols or triglycerides.  Membrane lipids - phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol  Emulsification lipids - bile acids, soaps and detergents  Chemical messenger lipids - steroid hormones, eicosanoids, and prostaglandins  Protective-coating lipids - biological waxes  Fat-soluble vitamins –E.g. Vitamin A

  9. Common Names of Carboxylic Acids

  10. Fatty Acids: Lipid Building Blocks

  11. Fatty Acid Names

  12. Fatty Acids: Lipid Building Blocks

  13. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

  14. Essential Fatty Acids (EFA). Fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body and are necessary for proper metabolism. The OMEGA 6 and OMEGA 3 fatty acids are referred to as Essential Fatty Acids (EFA).

  15. Physical Properties of Fatty Acids

  16. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids. c) ) Name:____________ d) Name:____________ a) Name:____________ b) Name:____________

  17. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids. g) Name:____________ h) Name:____________ e) Name:____________ f) Name:____________

  18. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids. k) Name:____________ i) Name:____________ j) Name:____________

  19. 2) Give the type, structure notation and names of the following fatty acids.

  20. 3) Draw the condensed structures of each of the following fatty acids: a. Decanoic acid b. Stearic acid c. trans-5-Decenoic acid d. cis-5-Decenoic acid

  21. 4) Write an equation for each of the following reactions: Esterification of glycerol with three molecules of myristic acid Base (NaOH) hydrolysis or saponification of glyceryltristearate

  22. 4) Write an equation for each of the following reactions: c) Reaction of decanoic acid with KOH d) Hydrogenation of linoleic acid

  23. Phospholipids

  24. 5) What are the structural differences between triglycerides (triacylglycerols) and phospholipids? Where they are found in living organisms?

  25. Spingosine and Spingolipids

  26. 6) What is a sphingolipid? Draw an example.

  27. Steroids Contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol:

  28. 7) What is a steroid? What are their applications?

  29. 8) What are the two major types of fat substitutes and how they work

  30. How aspirin relieves pain and inflammation? Aspirin inhibits the production of prostaglandins Concept of COX enzyme inhibition

  31. Acetaminophen (Tylanol)

  32. Triglycerides and lipoproteins: high-density (HDL)or (LDL) lipoproteins Lipoprotein particles: chylomicrons Triglycerides transportation in the blood stream

  33. Four major groups of plasma lipoproteins. 1. Chylomicrons 2. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 3. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

  34. Triglycerides and lipoproteins: high-density (HDL)or (LDL) lipoproteins Lipoprotein particles: chylomicrons Triglycerides transportation in the blood stream chylomicron remnant

  35. The roles of HDL, LDL, and cholesterol. Cholesterol and lipoproteins are related plaque that causes heart attacks and most strokes. When LDL levels are low, atherosclerosis and heart attacks are almost unknown. High HDL levels are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease: "good" cholesterol

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