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Warring City-States

Warring City-States. Greece and Sparta. Rule and Order in City-States. Polis – The Fundamental Greek political unit Made up of city-state and the surrounding countryside At public center was Acropolis – male citizens gathered there. Greek Political Structure.

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Warring City-States

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  1. Warring City-States Greece and Sparta

  2. Rule and Order in City-States Polis – The Fundamental Greek political unit • Made up of city-state and the surrounding countryside • At public center was Acropolis – male citizens gathered there

  3. Greek Political Structure • Monarchy – Gov’t ruled by a King or monarch • Aristocracy – Gov’t ruled by nobles and landowners • Oligarchy – Gov’t ruled by a few powerful people

  4. Defending the Polis (city-state) • Iron became cheaper than bronze • Now ordinary citizens could afford Iron spears and shields • “Commoners” defending the polis make up a “new” army • Foot-soldiers (Hoplites) used the Phalanx formation to dominate opposing armies

  5. The Phalanx

  6. Phalanx

  7. Feared Warriors: The Spartans • Uniqueness of Sparta’s geography (pg. 112) • Spartans built a military state • Conquered areas – made people “helots” – or slaves

  8. Spartan Government • Government composed of two groups: The Assembly (free adult males – voted on issues) and the Council of Elders (proposed laws) • 5 elected ephors carried out the laws

  9. Spartan Education • Spartan’s lives were completely focused on the military • Spartan Goal: Produced tough, battle-tested warriors • Age 7: Boys left home – went into army barracks • Age 20: Allowed to marry, but still lived full-time with army • Age 60: Retirement from Army – live w/family

  10. Questions to answer • How did life differ for Spartan women? (Think about their differences with Spartan men and with Athenian women) • What did the Spartans “sacrifice” by focusing so much on the military?

  11. Democracy in Athens • Athens avoided problems by creating the first democracy: Rule by the people • Who were “excluded” from being full-citizens? • What was the expected “role” for women in Athens?

  12. The Political and Economic Reformers in Greece • What was each of the following reformers responsible for and what did it do??? • Draco – • Solon –

  13. Reforms of Cleisthenes • Helped the democracy by limiting the nobility • Regular citizens now could propose laws and debate • Created the Council of Five Hundred – random collection that proposed laws and counseled the assembly • 1/5 of Athenian residents were full-citizens

  14. The Persian Wars • Persian King Darius was upset that Greeks were settling in Ionia (coast of Anatolia) • Darius put down the revolt in Anatolia and wanted to burn Athens in revenge

  15. Battle of Marathon • Persians sent a fleet to Marathon • 25,000 Persians vs. 10,000 Athenians • Persians light armor no match for Greek phalanx formations • Outcome: 6,400 Persians dead; only 192 Athenians

  16. Athens Undefended • After Marathon, the city of Athens was undefended • Army sent their best runner: Pheidippides to run to Athens to alert them of possible attack • 26-mile journey now known as a “Marathon”

  17. After 10 years – Persian War continues • Darius’ son Xerxes now in power for Persia • What did some people in Athens want to do when the Persians came back? • What happened at the following battles – • Thermopylae • Salamis • Plataea

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