Internet-Unit 1

1. Internet-Unit 1

2. Topics • Introduction to Internet • Applications of the Internet • E-Mail • Telnet • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • E-commerce • Video Conferencing • E-business • Internet Service Providers

3. What is the internet? • A technology that now makes computers look lifeless if they don’t have it. Without Internet Without Internet

4. How would you define it? • internet is a network of networks • the Internet can be used as the wired or wireless mode of communication through which: • one can receive, or • transmit information • that can be used for single or • multiple operations.

5. History • Late 1950’s: Russians had received success with sputnik • Realizing the need for research, US came up with ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) • In 1969, ARPA net was formed. • Aim: enabling sharing of info b/w universities

6. Goal Of arpanet • Messages can be routed and rerouted in more than one direction. • Quiz 1) • if parts of it are destroyed, in the event of a military attack or disaster what will happen? • No communication possible • No routing possible • Full system is on halt • N/w continues to function.

7. Its my-way or the high-way • Internet is also known as the information superhighway. • Why is it called so? Latest news Financial Updates Landline Offers Updates with friends

8. Who Pays for the Internet? • The National Science Foundation (NSF) pays a good portion, • another good portion comes from us as, Internet users paying our ISP's who then pay their inter-network providers for connection to their servers. • The rest of the money comes from advertisers. Just like TV, advertising fees paid across the Internet greatly underwrite many of the costs we would have to pay otherwise.

9. WWW • A technical definition of the World Wide Web is: all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). • A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): • "The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge."

10. What is an ISP? An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that collects a monthly or yearly fee in exchange for providing the subscriber with Internet access. Types of isp’s? • A NATIONAL ISP will provide access throughout most of the nation, while • A LOCAL ISP will only serve subscribers in a limited geographical region.

11. List of ISP -- State owned • BSNL: servicing all of India except Mumbai and Delhi. FTTH, Triple-play Broadband Services provided by ADSL and VDSL • MTNL - servicing Mumbai and Delhi. Also providing GPRS and 3G internet services. • Vovinet - servicing Mumbai,Goa and Andhra Pradesh. • Ref:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_internet_service_providers_in_India

12. One day all of us got into a 100m race. Second was ‘YOU BROADBAND’, Then that fellow, Light.

13. Privately owned isp’s -- nationwide • Airtel - ADSL, GPRS & 3G • Skynet Broadband - Internet Service Provider • Aircel - GPRS & 3G • Hathway - Broadband over Cable • Idea - GPRS & 3G • MTS India - CDMA/EV-DO • Reliance Communications - ADSL, GPRS & 3G, Metro-Ethernet, CDMA/EV-DO, Wimax • Reliance Industries - LTE (to be launched) • Sify - Broadband over cable • Tata DoCoMo - GPRS & 3G • Tata Indicom - ADSL, CDMA/EV-DO, Metro-Ethernet, WiMax • Vodafone - GPRS & 3G • YOU Broadband & Cable India Limited (formerly YOU Telecom) - Broadband over cable

14. How does an isp provide access? • An ISP might provide dial-up service, cable, DSL, or other types of Internet access.

16. Underwater fiber optic cable • A cross section of a submarine communications cable. 1 – Polyethylene 2 – Mylar tape3 – Stranded steel wires 4 – Aluminium water barrier5 – Polycarbonate 6 – Copper or aluminium tube7 – Petroleum jelly 8 – Optical fibers

17. Submarine cables are laid using special cable layer ships, such as the modern René Descartes, operated by France Telecom Marine. HOW IS IT LAID? • Indian telecom giant Tata, one of the world's largest subsea cable providers, manages 130,500 miles of fiber sitting at the bottom of the ocean floor. That's enough to circle the planet five times. It takes a ship six weeks just to load the cable for a cross-ocean voyage.

18. Why is all that underwater cable necessary? • It's a matter of speed, and laying in enough safeguards to ensure that the Internet won't suddenly go down. • It sounds crazy, but Earth's continents are physically linked to one another through a vast network of subsea, fiber-optic cables that circumnavigate the globe. Cords no thicker than your home's broadband connection stretch along the bottom of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans; through the Suez canal; across the Mediterranean Sea and around the coasts of Africa and South America.

19. A ship leaving the United Arab Emirates uses weights attached to buoys to help sink an underwater Internet cable.

20. Dial up subscriber line Data and Voice Internet Modem Computer Phone Outside Call DSL= digital subscriber line Data Internet DSL Modem Computer Voice Phone

21. PROTOCOLS • Definition: A network protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer networking all generally use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets.

22. IP • The Internet Protocol family contains a set of related (and among the most widely used network protocols) • Besides Internet Protocol (IP) itself, higher-level protocols like TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP all integrate with IP to provide additional capabilities.

23. Tcp/ip protocol • Explain

24. TELNET • Stands for Telecommunications Network, • A protocol that provides a way for users (or clients) to connect to other users via servers on the Internet, this could be in the next building or around the other side of the world. • In most cases, users use Telnet to communicate with a remote login service.