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ENDOCRINE LAB

ENDOCRINE LAB. What is the Effect of Endocrine Gland Function on Metabolic Rate. Instructor Terry Wiseth. Click to go to Next Slide.

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ENDOCRINE LAB

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  1. ENDOCRINELAB What is the Effect of Endocrine Gland Function on Metabolic Rate Instructor Terry Wiseth Click to go to Next Slide

  2. The endocrine system has a function in regulation of every cell in the body. Endocrine cells and organs are able to sense and respond to changes which may occur inside or outside the body. Cells are able to respond by releasing hormones to effect the target tissues. Subsequently the target tissues initiate a positive or negative response. Most experiments dealing with hormones will take weeks or months to complete. Most of these experiments involve the use of expensive live animals that may need to be sacrificed and involve complex surgeries may need to be performed. Click on the blackboard here to zoom in on a larger blackboard Click to go to Next Slide

  3. This simulation will allow you to study the effects of given hormones on the body by using “virtual animals” instead of live ones. Not only will we be able to complete delicate surgeries with only the click of a button but we will be able to complete the experiments in a much shorter period of time. Metabolism is a broad term used to describe all of the biochemical reactions which occur in the body. The end results of metabolism involve the production of energy and heat which are important to maintain the metabolic pathways in the cell. Click to go to Next Slide

  4. Thyroxine (T4) is one of the most important hormones in maintaining metabolism. Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland, however the amount of secretion is controlled by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which influences the thyroid gland in its production of thyroxine. The hypothalamus, located in the brain, secretes several hormones which affect the pituitary gland. One of these hormones is Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH). TRH stimulates production of TSH by the pituitary. Click to go to Next Slide

  5. When there are low circulating levels of thyroxine in the blood stream, the hypothalamus will secrete TRH to stimulate production of TSH by the pituitary gland. This increased level of TSH will stimulate the thyroid gland to produce higher levels of thyroxine. In the following experiments we will be investigating the effects of thyroxine, TSH and propylthiouracil on an animal’s metabolic rate. Click to go to Next Slide

  6. For this lab you will need to provide the following items in the lab report. 1) Data Table #1 2) Answers to questions 1-25 You can access the Data Table #1 by using the link below and printing the table for your use. You will find the questions at the end of the lab or by using the link below. DATA TABLE #1 LAB QUESTIONS Click to go to Next Slide

  7. On the lab table you will find a jar shaped chamber. We will be placing our virtual animals in this chamber. We will then gather information about how thyroxine and TSH affect their metabolic rates. The chamber is connected to a weight scale. We will use this to weigh our subjects to help determine metabolic rates. The chamber is also connected to an oygen meter to determine the amount of oxygen consumed. At the bottom of the chamber is soda lime which absorbs the carbon dioxide given off by the subject during the experiment. This insures an accurate measurement of the oxygen consumed by the subject. Click to go to Next Slide

  8. On the device to the right of the chamber is included a timer to measure the amount of time that the subjucts are in the container. We can also find three different virtual animals (rats) in their individual cages. One of the rats is normal (N), the second has had its thyroid gland removed (TX), and the third has had its pituitary gland removed (PX). At the top of the screen there are three syringes containing propylthiouracil (PT), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and Thyroxine (T4). Propylthiouracil is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland. N TX PX Click to go to Next Slide

  9. We will be performing four experiments on each subject. 1) Determine baseline metabolic rate. 2) Determine metabolic rate after injection with thyroxine (T4). 3) Determine metabolic rate after injection with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). 4) Determine metabolic rate after injection with propylthiouracil (PT). N TX PX Click to go to Next Slide

  10. All data will be recorded on Data Sheet #1.. Access the DATA SHEET #1 by utilizing the link below. Go to the next slide to begin the first experiment. N TX DATA TABLE #1 PX Click to go to Next Slide

  11. Click on the rat labeled as Normal (N) to place the rat in the chamber. Once the rat is in the chamber it will automatically be weighed. Record the weight in Data Table #1 PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  12. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  13. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 5.0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  14. Determine the oxygen consumption per hour for the rat using the following formula: PT T4 N ml O2 consumed60 minutes X= ml O2 / hr TSH 1 minute hr closed open TX Next determine the metabolic rate per kilogram (kg) of body weight by using the following formula. PX ml O2 Weight kg 4.2 0 0 5.0 ml O2 / hr Metabolic rate = = ml O2 / kg / hr Timer (mn) wt in kg START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  15. Next we will investigate the effects of thyroxine injections on the metabolic rate of a normal (N) rat. In a normal non-simulated lab we would normally need to inject a hormone into a subject daily for at least 2 weeks. In this simulation we will be able to view the same results with only one injection. In addition our “virtual rats” have the ability to remove all residue of any previously injected hormone and enables a new hormone experiment to be performed on the same rat. In a normal non-simulated lab we would need to wait weeks for hormonal residue to leave the rat’s system or use a different rat. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 4.2 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  16. Next we will inject the Normal (N) rat with thyroxine. Click on the green syringe labeled T4 which contains thyroxine. After the injection click on NEXT SLIDE. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  17. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  18. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 6.5 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  19. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 6.5 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  20. Next we will inject the Normal (N) rat with thyroid stimulating hormone. Click on the white syringe labeled TSH which contains thyroid stimulating hormone. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  21. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  22. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 6.0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  23. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 6.0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  24. Next we will inject the Normal (N) rat with propylthiouracil. Click on the blue syringe labeled PT which contains propylthiouracil. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  25. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  26. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 4.0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  27. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.74 0 0 4.0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  28. Record the weight of the subject (TX) in the appropriate section of Data Table #1. (Base Line) Next we will measure the basal metabolic rate of the rat which has had it thyroid removed (TX). Click on the rat labeled as TX in the cages to the right to insert it into the chamber. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  29. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  30. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1 PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.5 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  31. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.5 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  32. Next we will inject the Thryroid removed (TX) rat with Thyroxine (T4). Click on the green syringe labeled T4 which contains thryroxine. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  33. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  34. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 2.2 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  35. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 2.2 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  36. Next we will inject the Thryroid removed (TX) rat with Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Click on the white syringe labeled TSH which contains the hormone. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  37. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  38. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.4 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  39. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.4 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  40. Next we will inject the Thryroid removed (TX) rat with propylthiouracil (PT). Click on the blue syringe labeled PT which contains the hormone. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  41. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  42. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1. PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.5 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  43. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.32 0 1.5 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  44. Next we will measure the basal metabolic rate of the rat which has had its pituitary gland removed (PX). Click on the rat labeled as PX in the cages to the right to insert it into the chamber. Record the weight of the subject (PX) in the appropriate section of Data Table #1. (Base Line) PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 Click to go to Next Slide

  45. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  46. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1 PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 2.9 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  47. Calculate and enter the other data called for in the Data Sheet #1 by using the formulas as presented earlier. Proceed to the next slide when finished. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 2.9 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  48. Next we will inject the Pituitary removed (PX) rat with Thyroxine (T4). Click on the green syringe labeled T4 which contains the hormone. PT T4 N TSH open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  49. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to close it and prevent any outside air from entering the chamber. Next click on the START button to start the timer. One minute has now passed. Click on the go to Next Slide button. PT T4 N TSH open closed TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

  50. Click on the red clamp at the top of the chamber to open it so the rat can breathe outside air. Read the ml O2 measurement and record in Data Sheet #1 PT T4 N TSH closed open TX PX ml O2 Weight kg 0.59 0 4.0 0 Timer (mn) START 0 1 Click to go to Next Slide

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