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Chapter One Notes

Chapter One Notes. “The Nature of Science”. The process of observing and studying things in our world. 4 Main Areas of Science. Chemistry Physics Biology Earth Science. Earth Science (4 areas). Geology Meteorology Astronomy Oceanography. Technology - the use of scientific discoveries.

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Chapter One Notes

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  1. Chapter One Notes

  2. “The Nature of Science” • The process of observing and studying things in our world

  3. 4 Main Areas of Science • Chemistry • Physics • Biology • Earth Science

  4. Earth Science (4 areas) • Geology • Meteorology • Astronomy • Oceanography

  5. Technology- the use of scientific discoveries • Examples: T.V.; artificial hearts; telephones; computers; robots; plastic razors; fast food wrappers

  6. Advantages/Disadvantages • Disposable items are more convenient/ but fill our landfills • cars allow us to travel freely/ but they use fossil fuels that pollute air

  7. Scientific Method-a series of steps used to solve problems • Define the problem. • Make a hypothesis. • Experiment/analyze the results. • Draw conclusions. • ***Steps vary according to the scientist and the problem.

  8. Variables • Scientists design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.

  9. Variables (cont.) • An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.

  10. Variables (cont.) The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist and there is only one independent variable.

  11. Dependent variable changes in response to the independent variable. Often more than 1 dependent variable.

  12. Variables (cont.) • Controls are used to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome.

  13. Experiments • Must have a minimum of 3 trials when testing.

  14. Lab. Safety • Before beginning a lab., understand all safety procedures. • Wear goggles when heating, pouring, or using chemicals.

  15. Lab. Safety • Always slant test tubes away from all students when heating them. Keep materials away from flames, including hair and clothing. • Never eat or drink in the lab. Never inhale chemicals.

  16. Lab. Safety • Know what to do in case of a fire. • Report any accident or injury to your teacher. • Clean up after experiments and wash hands after using chemicals.

  17. Hypothesis

  18. Theory

  19. Law

  20. Measurement • Should always include a number and a unit of measure Examples: length= 152cm latitude=31°N time= 7:52 A.M. ***Metric is always used in Science.

  21. Standard Units • Meter (m) • Liter (L) • Gram (g) • Celsius degrees (Cº)

  22. Prefix Meaning kilo- 1000 hecto- 100 deka- 10 deci- 1/10 centi- 1/100 milli- 1/1000 Metric Prefixes

  23. Metric Conversion

  24. Common Formulas • Area (A=lw) • Volume (V=lwh) • Density (D=m/V)

  25. Temperature • Boiling point=temp. at which substance boils • Melting point=temp. at which substance melts • Freezing point=temp. at which substance freezes • Example for water: Boiling point=100°C • Absolute Zero (-273C°)

  26. Graphing Types of graphs: • bar • pie • line

  27. BAR GRAPH • Bar graphs are commonly used to compare information • Uses thick bars to display info.

  28. Uses parts of a circle to show info. PIE GRAPH SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION CAR RIDERS 25% BUS RIDERS 62% WALKERS 13%

  29. LINE GRAPH Shows relationship between 2 types of info. CRABGRASS GROWTH H 5 E 4 I 3 G 2 H 1 T (m) JAN APRIL JULY OCT DEC MONTHS

  30. THE END

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