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Chapter One Notes

Chapter One Notes. Exploration and Colonization. What is the joke?. Native Americans. Earliest settlers came over 22-30,000 years ago Hundreds of different tribal groups Poly-theistic: belief in multiple gods and spirits

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Chapter One Notes

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  1. Chapter One Notes Exploration and Colonization What is the joke?

  2. Native Americans • Earliest settlers came over 22-30,000 years ago • Hundreds of different tribal groups • Poly-theistic: belief in multiple gods and spirits • Why might this become a problem when the Puritans/Spanish come knocking?

  3. Tribal Map of North America, pre-colonization My House

  4. I am sooo tired of being confused with that other guy Europe in the 1400’s • Social hierarchy existed, class system • Reformation begins by 1500, Protestants emerge • Renaissance spurs interest in science, art, literature • People began to question traditions Martin Luther

  5. Spanish North America DYK? I was a businessman, made slaves of Africans AND Native Americans, and used violence to spread Catholicism? And I get a holiday named after me!!! • 1492, Columbus lands & sparks interest in New World (Chinese and Norwegians and millions of Natives were here first…but anyhoo) • Treaty of Tordesillasdivides New World between Spanish/Portuguese

  6. Atrocities Under the Rule of Columbus and the Spanish: School kids are taught I am a hero?? HA! • Arawak men sent to mines to work, women to farm, families separated, infants died in scores as mother worked too much to care/feed them. • 7000 children died in just 3 months as a result of Spanish policies • ½ of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead in 2 years • Source: History of the Indies, Bartolome de lasCasas

  7. Question: • What other events/eras in history are you reminded of when you learn of the treatment of the Natives in early America? • Does this formula repeat?

  8. Measles and Smallpox were biggest killers 1st contact w/Euro diseases decimated Indians Indians & Disease

  9. Exchange & Empire • Columbian Exchange/Triangular Trade: • transfer of goods between Americas to and from Europe/Africa • Flora, fauna, animals and disease were spread worldwide as well

  10. Impact of Columbian Exchange • Google it! • Horses, pigs, goats, sheep, worms, bees, cattle, and other ‘new’ plants, bacteria, and animals dramatically changed the ecology of North America • Europeans began to create landscapes that looked like home (fences, settlements, farming fields, etc.) • Natives struggled to adapt to slow but drastic changes to their land

  11. Conquest • Conquistadors and missionaries spread Catholicism in the New World • Came to the American Southwest seeking gold/treasure • Cortes, Pineda, De Soto, and Coronado all explored/claimed land for Spain

  12. Spanish Mission System Don’t forget me! • Goal was to covert Natives to Catholicism, Christianity • Most met with failure as Natives resisted • Some Natives ‘pretended’ in order to use Spanish • San Antonio de Valero mission (Alamo), est. 1718 in Texas

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