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ESCA OF GRAPEVINES IN SOUTH AFRICA

ESCA OF GRAPEVINES IN SOUTH AFRICA. Presented by Jan Booysen. Chana-Lee White Francois Halleen and Lizel Mostert . What is Esca?. Affects trunk and arms of older grapevines Disease complex producing overall syndrome 2 distinct diseases Wood rot Brown wood streaking .

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ESCA OF GRAPEVINES IN SOUTH AFRICA

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  1. ESCA OF GRAPEVINES IN SOUTH AFRICA Presented by JanBooysen Chana-Lee White Francois Halleen and Lizel Mostert

  2. What is Esca? • Affects trunk and arms of older grapevines • Disease complex producing overall syndrome • 2 distinct diseases • Wood rot • Brown wood streaking

  3. History of Esca in South Africa • Little information on Esca • Few incidences found • Only symptoms observed • Since 2001, Esca diseased vines have been collected and causal fungi isolated

  4. In the field…

  5. Symptoms: Leaves

  6. Symptoms: Leaves

  7. Symptoms: Berries

  8. Symptoms:

  9. Symptoms: Apoplexy

  10. Aims and Current Study • Determine and characterize basidiomycetes involved • Identify other fungi involved • Botryosphaeriaceae, Phomopsis, Phaeoacremonium, Phaeomoniella • Geographical distribution of species

  11. Isolations • Farms in the Western and Northern Cape visited • Isolations • Cultures selected

  12. Distribution of esca diseased vines ZIMBABWE ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE NORTHERN PROVINCE LIMPOPO BOTSWANA BOTSWANA MPUMALANGA MPUMALANGA GAUTENG GAUTENG NORTH WEST NORTH WEST SWAZILAND SWAZILAND NAMIBIA NAMIBIA KWAZULU-NATAL KWAZULU-NATAL FREE STATE FREE STATE LESOTHO LESOTHO NORTHERN CAPE NORTHERN CAPE EASTERN CAPE EASTERN CAPE WESTERN CAPE WESTERN CAPE

  13. Age of vines sampled

  14. Young Esca • 2-year-old vine from Paarl

  15. Organisms Involved

  16. Basidiocarps

  17. Basidiomycetes characterization • 140 isolates used • Sequencing of ITS region using ITS1 and ITS4 • New species identification

  18. Phylogram of ITS Heuristic search 1000 bootstrap Fomitiporia Innonotus Inocutis Unknown

  19. Conclusions • Esca is widespread on grapevines in SA, occurring mostly on grapevines of 10yrs and older • A species-complex of 7 Basidiomycete species • Predominant species: Inocutis sp. Fomitiporia sp.

  20. Outcomes • Better understanding of Esca in South Africa • Aid in development of control strategies • Aid in developing early detection tools

  21. Acknowledgements • NRF and Winetech for funding • Personnel at ARC-Nietvoorbji for technical support

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